Stepwise increases in fluorescent illuminance, imposed as a single variable in a controlled environment, induced progressive stomatal opening in 8 plant species, as evidenced by a consistent decrease in leaf diffusion resistance (R(L)), ranging from 15 to 70 sec cm(-1) in darkness to about 1 sec cm(-1) at approximately 40 kilolux. The minimum R(L) values were the same for the upper and the lowe...

With power systems switching to smart grids, real-time and on-line monitoring technologies for underground distribution power cables have become a priority. Most distribution components have been developed with self-diagnostic sensors to realize self-healing, one of the smart grid functions in a distribution network. Nonetheless, implementing a real-time and on-line monitoring system for underg...

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) are active and emerging area of application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), whereby sensor nodes are located under the ground environment. The communication between the nodes is done underground, with the aim of sensing events to transmit the sensed events to the sink, which is normally in the terrestrial environment. The most challenging issue i...

Urban underground space is an important non-renewable resource, and its value has increased in recent decades. Economic change and development is the most fundamental motive of evolution of the urban space, it also affected urban underground spatial development in a large degree. The paper try to analysis the urban economic affection in mechanism of evolution of urban underground space. The onl...

Studies about sediment erosion were mainly concentrated on the river channel sediment, the terrestrial sediment, and the underground sediment. The transport process of underground sediment is studied in the paper. The concept of the flush potential sediment is founded. The transport equation with stable saturated seepage is set up, and the relations between the flush potential sediment and wate...

In this paper a method for detection of microcalcifications (MCCs), which appear at the beginning stages of breast cancer, is presented by using mathematical morphology. This method consists of four steps. At the first step the contrast of suspicious regions on the image is enhanced by contrast stretching. In the next step a morphological filtering process is applied by using six different stru...

Exposure to gases and dust may induce airway inflammation. It was hypothesized that heavy construction workers who had been exposed to dust and gases in underground construction work for 1 yr, would have early signs of upper and lower airway inflammation, as compared to outdoor workers. A study group comprising 29 nonsmoking underground concrete workers (mean +/- SD age 44+/-12 yrs), and a refe...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: GPR GPS GIS 3D underground utility mapping Uncertainty modeling Uncertainty-aware visualization Accuracy assessment Underground utility lines being struck is a long-standing problem worldwide, causing public service disruptions, project delays, cost overruns, property damage, injuries, and fatalities that cost billions of dollars each year. Utility strikes are at...

Third-party reviews play an important role in many contexts in which tangible attributes are insufficient to enable consumers to evaluate products or services. In this paper, we examine the impact of professional and amateur reviews on the box office performance of movies. Using a simple diffusion model, we establish an econometrics framework to control for the interaction between the unobserva...

Morphological openings and closings form the cornerstones of a rich set of nonlinear operators in signal processing. In this paper, we show how a new morphological operator can be constructed that serves as an approximation to openings and closings for images corrupted by low levels of noise. 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.