Southern Africa. We assessed quantile mapping strengths and weaknesses in climate downscaling based on global models projections. An ensemble of methods is used: six using parametric transformations, three with non-parametric transformations one method theoretical distributions transformations. Seventeen indices related to precipitation are applied the locations 15 UNESCO biosphere reserves. Th...

Spain is the country with most biosphere reserves (BRs) in world. The aim of this paper to investigate why BRs have come proliferate such a degree and there gap between UNESCO’s framework practicalities observed Spain. After outlining how BR conceived according UNESCO reviewing large volume research published date respect, Spain’s are characterised. study here based on an empirical undertaken f...

Arasbaran protected area is located in NW Iran, is one of nine designated Biosphere Reserves in Iran. According to the literatures and the current study, 1067 plant taxa are identified in the area. Eighteen plant taxa of the area are endemic to Iran. Hemicryptophytes (42.5 %) are the most frequent life forms in the reserve followed by therophytes (25.8 %), cryptophytes (18.8 %), phanerophytes (...

The objective of the biosphere reserve program is to identify and protect representative and unique segments of the world's biotic provinces as major centers for biotic and genetic preservation, ecological and environmental research, education, and demonstration. It is intended to be more than simply another program of preservation layered onto existing parks and reserves. The success of the pr...

The knowledge of biodiversity within an area is vital if we want to develop adequate conservation strategies. Biosphere Reserves are purposefully established for the sustainable use of their resources, and therefore their biodiversity should be well known. We compared and evaluated information available for Mexican Biosphere Reserves on threatened and non-threatened vertebrate species records f...