The growth of η and η’-Cu6Sn5 has been proven as a preferential growth behavior on single crystal copper. However, a layer of single crystal copper is not possible to be electroplated. It can not be utilized in the electronic industry. In this paper, we electroplated an array of (111) uni-directional Cu pad followed by electroplating SnAg2.3. After being reflowed at 260C for 1 minute, the η-Cu6...

The most common solutions to the light transport problem rely on either Monte Carlo (MC) integration or density estimation methods, such as uni& bi-directional path tracing or photon mapping. Recent gradient-domain extensions of MC approaches show great promise; here, gradients of the final image are estimated numerically (instead of the image intensities themselves) with coherent paths generat...

In this paper, we present a new and effective image indexing technique that employs local uni-color and bi-color distributions and local directional distribution of intensity gradient. The image is divided into 4 by 4 non-overlapping blocks. Each block, based on its gradient magnitude, is classified as uniform or non-uniform. Using the average of each color component for the pixels of a uniform...

It has been clarified that deformation and annealing of martensite starting structure can produce ultrafine-grained structure in low carbon steel.  This study aims to investigate the texture evolution and mechanical properties of samples with martensite structure deformed by two different forging processes. The martensitic steel samples were forged by plane strain compression and multi-directio...

A thin film giant magneto impedance (GMI) based on magnetic field sensor has been developed using electrodeposited Ni-Fe permalloy. Chemical composition, surface morphology, and magnetic properties of Ni-Fe permalloy were characterized as a function of plateup parameters, and process conditions were established to deposit a Ni-Fe thin film with a high permeability (~1000) and a low coercivity (...