An analytical approach with the help of numerical simulations based on the equivalent constraint model (ECM) was proposed to investigate the progressive failure behavior of symmetric fiber-reinforced composite laminates damaged by transverse ply cracking. A fracture criterion was developed to describe the initiation and propagation of the transverse ply cracking. This work was also concerned wi...

Constraint-based approaches to pragmatics have customarily focused on the hearer, and offered accounts of the optimal interpretation of utterances. Blutner (2006, i.a.) has argued that it is necessary also to consider the role of the speaker, and thus motivates a bidirectional Optimality Theory (OT) approach to pragmatics. However, as he notes, this may have limited explanatory potential from a...

This paper discusses the processing of negative verbal forms in Oriya in a deterministic Finite State Automaton. A morphologically agglutinative language like Oriya has ‘phrasal’ or ‘constituent’ negation, where tense, aspect etc. impose restrictions on NEG marking. Negation can be marked by various NEG morphemes in various positions of the verbal form, but is marked only once. That is, the occ...

The products in the real-world application to be studied in this thesis are the rail cars used by BASF to transport products between plants and from plants to customers. The transported product poses minimum requirements on certain rail car characteristics (material, heating, etc.). These characteristics define a rail car type. Types with higher quality characteristics can be used as substitute...

In ad hoc networks, a communication link between two mobile nodes is not always bidirectional, i.e. unidirectional, since the different characters of networks and nodes. This paper studies unidirectional links which are general and universal in ad hoc networks and proposes a routing protocol LSARP (link-state advertisement based source routing protocol). LSARP can support unidirectional links t...

Experiments with wireless sensor networks have shown that unidirectional communication links are quite common. What is even more, they have also shown that the range of a unidirectional link can exceed that of a bidirectional one by far. Still, most of todays routing protocols do not use them, they only eliminate their implications. Those protocols that do use unidirectional links introduce a l...

We show theoretically that photonic crystals consisting of colloidal spheres exhibit unidirectional wave propagation and one-way frequency band gaps without breaking time-reversal symmetry via, e.g., the application of an external magnetic field or the use of nonlinear materials. Namely, photonic crystals with low symmetry such as the monoclinic crystal type considered here as well as with unit...

Parity-time (PT) symmetric structures present the unidirectional invisibility at the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking point. In this paper, we propose a PT-symmetric circuit consisting of a resistor and a microwave tunnel diode (TD) which represent the attenuation and amplification, respectively. Based on the scattering matrix method, the circuit can exhibit an ideal unidirectional performance ...

Online-Recognition requires the acoustic model to provide posterior probabilities after a limited time delay given the online input audio data. This necessitates unidirectional modeling and the standard solution is to use unidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNN) or feedforward neural networks (FFNN). It is known that bidirectional LSTMs are more powerful and ...