1Hematology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Immunological Sciences, University of Siena and Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; 2Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom; 3Genetic Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, S...

The potency of the U.S. Reference Smallpox Vaccine, Lot 2, the International Reference Preparation of Smallpox Vaccine, and commercial smallpox vaccines was determined by the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and rabbit scarification (RS) potency assay methods. The mean titer of the U.S. Reference (based on 107 ampoules) was 10(8.1) pock-forming units (PFU) per ml and that of the International Ref...

BACKGROUND We recently developed HOUSES, an individual housing-based socioeconomic status (SES) measurement for health disparities research. We assessed whether HOUSES was associated with risk of pertussis and pertussis vaccine up-to-date status in children. METHODS The study utilized a previous population-based case-control study cohort assembled during the 2004-2005 pertussis outbreak. We c...

The efficacy of the influenza vaccine in reducing mortality and hospital admissions is established, particularly in the elderly. However, up to 50% of those at risk do not receive the vaccine. These patients are also at risk from pneumococcal infection and there is considerable overlap between the target group for each vaccine. This study sought to identify at risk individuals from consecutive ...

Infection of humans and livestock with parasitic nematodes can have devastating effects on health and production, affecting food security in both developed and developing regions. Despite decades of research, the development of recombinant sub-unit vaccines against these pathogens has been largely unsuccessful. We have developed a strategy to identify protective antigens from Teladorsagia circu...

Near-critical and supercritical fluids have been used successfully in the manufacture of vaccine, antibody and antibiotic microparticles by Carbon-dioxide Assisted Nebulization with a Bubble Dryer ® (CAN-BD). In CAN-BD two fluid streams, a drug, antibody, or vaccine solution or suspension, and supercritical or near-critical CO2, are intimately mixed in a low dead volume tee. These mixed fluid s...

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) caused by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae continues to be a major constraint on the rainbow trout industry in Western Europe and North America. The disease has been estimated to cost the UK trout industry approximately £2.5 million per year and is one of the main research topics in the Aquatic Vaccine Unit. Both short and long-term approaches are being taken to ...

1 Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America, 2 Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, South-East Asia Regional Organization (SEARO), World Health Organization, New Delhi, India, 3 Department of Neglected Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland, 4 Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Molecular Vir...

The effects of vaccine on postinfection outcomes, such as disease, death, and secondary transmission to others, are important scientific and public health aspects of prophylactic vaccination. As a result, evaluation of many vaccine effects condition on being infected. Conditioning on an event that occurs posttreatment (in our case, infection subsequent to assignment to vaccine or control) can r...