The aim of this work was to study the electromyographic characteristics of two ankle extensors during treadmill locomotion after hindlimb unloading. The studied muscles were the soleus which contains mainly slow fibres, and three parts (red, mixed and white) of the heterogeneous gastrocnemius. Our results showed that the cycle duration was significantly increased (+26%) after 14 days of unloadi...

Thermomechanical fatigue properties of a compacted graphite iron in an out of phase configuration are investigated for different maximum temperatures and mechanical strain ranges. Furthermore, the stress-strain hysteresis loops are analysed and in particular the unloading modulus, i.e. the elastic modulus measured during specimen unloading, is obtained from each cycle. This material parameter h...

Received: April 29, 2017 Revised: July 01, 2017 Accepted: August 30, 2017 Abstract: Introduction: Unloading phenomenon happens in the beginning of drilling and is able to change stress state around borehole. This change of stress state causes impact on rock structure and strength, thus affecting the evaluation of wellbore stability. Especially for determining initial mud pressure, unloading is ...

Peters, David G., Heather Mitchell-Felton, and Susan C. Kandarian. Unloading induces transcriptional activation of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca21-ATPase 1 gene in muscle. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C1218– C1225, 1999.—Previous work showed that protein and mRNA levels of the ‘‘fast’’ isoform of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca21-ATPase (SERCA1) are markedly increased in un...

The EU project Welfare Quality® proposes an overall assessment system for animal welfare based on animal outcomes. The objective of this study was to test inter-observer reliability (IOR) when assessing lameness, fear and slipping and falling scores as parameters for monitoring the welfare of killing pigs during arrival at the slaughterhouse. Two Belgian and two Spanish slaughterhouses were vis...

BACKGROUND Sclerostin, encoded by the SOST gene, has been implicated in the response to mechanical loading in bone. Some studies demonstrated that unloading leads to up-regulated SOST expression, which may induce bone loss. PURPOSE Most reported studies regarding the changes caused by mechanical unloading were only based on a single site. Considering that the longitudinal bone growth leads to...

The reflex response of the masseter muscle to the rapid unloading of a single maxillary incisor tooth was studied. Unloading of a static force of 2 N in the horizontal direction resulted in a short-latency excitation, inhibition, and long-latency excitation of masseter muscle activity occurring at latencies of approximately 13, 20, and 40 ms, respectively, with a corresponding change in bite fo...

PURPOSE To examine the effects of change in weight bearing on the growth plate metabolism, a simulated animal model of weightlessness was introduced and the chondrocytes' cellular kinetics was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Unloading condition on the hind-limb of Sprague-Dawley rats was created by fixing a tail and lifting the hind-limb. Six rats aged 6 weeks old were assigned to each group...

The heart is subjected to chronic mechanical unloading during prolonged spaceflight and microgravity. The heart in patients with end-stage heart failure is also unloaded in prolonged duration after left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are implanted. Heterotopic heart transplantation in rats is an established model of chronic cardiac unloading, and has been used to investigate the effects of c...