Vertical transects of Doppler vertical velocity data, obtained from an airborne profiling millimeter-wave cloud radar, are composited for a large number of cumulus clouds (Cu) at various stages of their life cycle, to examine typical circulations patterns. The Cu clouds range in depth between ;500 and 6000 m and are generally nonprecipitating. They were sampled on board the University of Wyomin...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the factors that affect nebulizer efficiency and to compare the relative cost effectiveness of nebulized medications used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), delivered by four types of disposable jet nebulizers that are widely used in hospitals. DESIGN The Hudson 1730 Updraft II, Baxter Misty-Neb, Marquest Whisper Jet (WJ), and Marquest Acorn II were evaluated in ...

The sensitivity of supercell morphology to the vertical distribution of moisture is investigated in this study using a cloud-resolvingmodel with 300-mhorizontal grid spacing. Simulated storms are found to transition from classic (CL) to low-precipitation (LP) supercells when the strength of elevated dry layers in the environmental moisture profile is increased. Resulting differences in themicro...

Number concentrations and mean sizes of ice crystals and derived microphysical and optical properties of subvisible cirrus clouds (SVCs) formed by homogeneous freezing of supercooled aerosols are investigated as a function of temperature and updraft speed of adiabatically ascending air parcels. The properties of such clouds are insensitive to variations of the aerosol number and size distributi...

Abstract. The number of cloud droplets formed at the base depends on both properties aerosol particles and updraft velocity an air parcel base. As spatial scale updrafts is too small to be resolved in global atmospheric models, commonly parameterised based available turbulent kinetic energy. Here we present alternative methods through parameterising high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) r...

Understanding how dynamical and aerosol inputs affect the temporal variability of hydrometeor formation in climate models will help to explain sources of model diversity in cloud forcing, to provide robust comparisons with data, and, ultimately, to reduce the uncertainty in estimates of the aerosol indirect effect. This variability attribution can be done at various spatial and temporal resolut...

The principal rainband in tropical cyclones is currently depicted as a solitary and continuous precipitation region. However, the airborne radar observations of the principal rainband in TyphoonHagupit (2008) reveal multiple subrainband structures. These subbands possess many characteristics of the squall lines with trailing stratiform in themidlatitudes and are different from those documented ...

This work examines the efficacy of various physically-based 3 approaches derived from 1-D adiabatic parcel model frameworks (a numer-4 ical model and a simplified parameterization) to parameterize the cloud droplet 5 distribution characteristics for computing cloud effective radius and auto-conversion rate in regional/global atmospheric models. Evaluations are car-7 ried out for integrations wi...