Stand-alone Global Navigation Satellites System (GNSS) can provide a very accurate real-time positioning in good visibilty and signals conditions. Unfortunately, for a vehicle evolving in urban areas, those conditions are rarely satisfied, leading to debased computed location or lack of solution if less than four SVs are visible. A way to tackle such a problem can consist in fusing the raw meas...

GNSS is well known for its availability and accuracy but it suffers when operating in urban canyons, indoors as well as environments such as ports. This paper uses Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurements from two satellites over time to calculate the position of the receiver. The system was tested by masking out satellites to simulate buildings or objects along both sides blocking large ...

INTRODUCTION With the wider applications of GPS, higher technical requirements for navigation performance have been brought up. A new method based on FPGA is presented and tested to determine its acquisition performance in environments such as in the urban canyons, tunnels and inside buildings. The motivation for this work is to demonstrate that software GPS receiver, which has become the focus...

The topographical and hydrological complexity of submarine canyons, coupled with high substratum heterogeneity, make them ideal environments for cold-water coral (CWC) habitats. These habitats, including reefs, are thought to provide important functions for many organisms. The canyons incising the continental slope of the Bay of Biscay have distinct morphological differences from the north to t...

Submarine canyons are recognised as potential areas of high biological productivity and marine life aggregation, in Australia ranging from deep water corals to foraging blue whales. While factors such as nutrient upwelling and the presence of hard substrate can account for the biodiversity of particular canyons, the variability of these characteristics between canyons at the national scale is p...

Autonomous flight in confined or cluttered environments such as houses or urban canyons requires high manoeuvrability, fast mapping from sensors to actuators and very limited overall system weight. Although flying animals are well capable of coping with such situations, roboticists still have difficulties at reproducing such capabilities. This paper describes how we took inspiration from flying...

Methods Data on species composition for both taxonomic groups were collecting using standard inventory methods for birds and butterflies in temperate regions. Data were compiled at three sampling grains, sites (average 12 ha), canyons (average 74 ha) and mountain ranges. For each sampling grain in turn, we calculated similarity of species composition using the Jaccard index. First, we investiga...

With the wind permanent flow in the cities, obtaining the minimal pollution in the environment is accessible. Different policies have been considered for optimization of cities such as attachment and or reduction of building parts like air-traps, ceiling forms and so on. Due to population growth in cities and the increasing need for resettlement these people in the cities, inevitably, to the hi...

Simple and accurate expressions for path gain are derived from electromagnetic fundamentals in a wide variety of common environments, including Line-of-Sight (LOS) Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) indoor urban canyons, urban/rural macro, outdoor-indoor suburban streets with vegetation. Penetration into scattering region, sometimes aided by guiding, is the "universal" phenomenon shared diverse morpholog...