abstract urban parks are important public multifunctional space used for a wide range of activities. the usage levels of parks depend on the spatial characteristics of the spaces, where its forms and occupancies are referred as the usage-spatial relationship. natural elements spatial complexity and park usability is of interest in this study. a photo - questionnaire was conducted among 296 of p...

The unique geography and climatic condition determines the landscape environment characteristics of mountain village in western China. In recent years, with the fast development of the urban-rural integration and urbanization process, the traditional rural landscape is gradually transiting to the modern rural landscape. In the course of transformation, the natural patches and semi-natural patch...

Urbanisation and associated growth patterns (urban sprawl) are characteristic of spatial temporal land use changes taking place at regional levels. Unplanned urbanization and consequent impacts on natural resources including basic amenities has necessitated the investigation and understanding of mechanisms and dynamics of land use and land-use change on a range of spatial scales and evaluate th...

functions in landscape design include values in design and management process to satisfy moral and environmental needs that current attitudes see that as open space design by natural and man-made elements, while the basic intellectual layers related to human as the principles of environmental design have been forgotten. human urban knowledge seeks to meet in health, biological, psychological, s...

The study presents a landscape design project with a set of preliminary morphological analyses. Karaalioglu Park, in South Anatolia, is squeezed between a dense urban fabric and the irrevocably transformed edge of Mediterranean Sea. Globalisation, rapid urbanisation as much as other sociocultural imperatives and natural processes paved the foundations for dilapidation of the park. The project c...

Urbanization has profound influences on ecological communities, but our understanding of causal mechanisms is limited by a lack of attention to its component stressors. Published research suggests that at landscape scales, habitat loss and fragmentation are the major drivers of community change, whereas at local scales, human activity and vegetation management are the primary stressors. Little ...

In urban areas with a high level of human disturbance, wildlife has to adjust its behavior to deal with the so called “landscape of fear.” This can be studied in risk perception during movement in relation to specific habitat types, whereby individuals trade-off between foraging and disturbance. Due to its high behavioral plasticity and increasing occurrence in urban environments, wild boar (Su...

Urban planners and ecologists have long debated the relationship between the structure of urban landscapes and social activities. There have, however, been very few discussions as to whether any such relationships might depend on the scales of observation. This work applies a hierarchical zoning technique to data from the city of Quito, Ecuador, to examine how relationships between typical spat...

one of the most important natural factors and critical facilities in tehran is presence of alborzslopes river-valleys which have been considered as natural tourist places for citizens since a long time ago, especiallyin hot summers and play effective role in creating a balance between manmade and natural spaces. importance ofthese river-valleys as ecological pathways is enhanced with the increa...

With the rapid development of cities, the way that people commute has changed greatly, meanwhile, people turn to require more on physical and psychological aspects in the contemporary world. However, the current urban road landscape ignores these changes, for example, those road landscape elements are boring, confusing, fragmented and lack of integrity and hierarchy. Under such current situatio...