The public square is a specifically designed urban space that includes many natural and formative elements achieve communication among the main axes of city facilitate movement users through it. squares (PSs) in cities, especially Baghdad, need to be revitalized. Adaptive Urban Revitalization (AUR) strategy, which focuses on improving quality spaces for PSs enhance their location, activity, pur...

transportation sector is one of the major contributors to noise in the urban areas. the traffic noise environment in balasore, a city of orissa, india in terms of standard noise indices, community response and community health effects are worked out in the present study. noise pollution is assessed in six different squares (road sections) of the town. it is inferred that the noise levels are mo...

We developed a geographic cellular automata (CA) model based on partial least squares (PLS) regression (termed PLS-CA) to simulate dynamic urban growth in a geographical information systems (GIS) environment. The PLS method extends multiple linear regression models that are used to define the unique factors driving urban growth by eliminating multicollinearity among the candidate drivers. The k...

A critical issue in urban cellular automata (CA) modeling concerns the identification of transition rules that generate realistic urban land use patterns. Recent studies have demonstrated that linear methods cannot sufficiently delineate the extraordinary complex boundaries between urban and non-urban areas and as most urban CA models simulate transitions across these boundaries, there is an ur...

BACKGROUND The U.S. population is aging at an unprecedented rate, resulting in an increased demand for skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and long-term care. Residents of these facilities are at a high risk for pneumococcal disease or severe influenza-related illnesses and death. For these reasons, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services use influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates as...

Brent D. Ryan first visited Detroit in 1993. Describing this experience, he says: ‘‘The sense of emptiness was overpowering. ... I felt as if I was walking into the ruin of America.’’ In his book ‘‘Design after decline—how America rebuilds shrinking cities,’’ Ryan tries to understand why so many American cities have been losing population, what was and is done to change the fortune of these cit...