Congenital torticollis is most commonly caused by sternomastoid contracture. Aplasia of sternomastoid muscle causing congenital torticollis, though rare, has been reported. However the association of cerebellar hypoplasia with sternomastoid aplasia is extremely rare. The authors describe a case of congenital torticollis due to absence of the left sternomastoid with ipsilateral cerebellar hypopl...

Salivary gland aplasia and hypoplasia are rarely described in the medical literature. This article presents a case of aplasia and hypoplasia of the major salivary glands in a patient with Down syndrome. A literature review, as well as an overview of the diagnosis and management of this condition, is presented.

Six cases of red cell aplasia occurring in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) showed a diversity of clinical course and prognosis. In some patients red cell aplasia may have represented an evolution of MDS while in others autoimmune destruction of erythoblasts may have been the mechanism. A proliferative phase is seen in many of these patients, the clinical importance of which is unc...

Large granular lymphocyte leukemia-associated pure red cell aplasia accounts for a significant portion of secondary pure red cell aplasia cases. However, because of its rarity, long-term responses and relapse rates after immunosuppressive therapy are largely unknown. We conducted a nationwide survey in Japan and collected 185 evaluable patients. Fourteen patients with large granular lymphocyte ...

Background: Germ cell aplasia is a type of azoospermia characterized by hormonal abnormalities as well as histopathological features. Objective: To assess hormonal and histological aspects of germ cell aplasia among infertile men in Gaza Strip. Materials and methods: A total of 375 infertile men visiting the Specialized Medical Centers in Gaza strip were subjected for testicular biopsy. Out of ...

INTRODUCTION The complete absence of the chiasm (chiasmal aplasia) is a rare clinical condition. Hypoplasia of the optic nerve and congenital nystagmus are almost invariably associated characteristics. Microphthalmos or anophthalmos are common features in chiasmal aplasia, while central nervous system abnormalities are less frequent. Esophageal atresia can be isolated or syndromic. In syndromic...

During stress-induced increase in abdominal pressure, urinary continence is maintained by urethral closure mechanisms. Active urethral response has been studied in dogs and rats. Such an active urethral response is also believed to occur in humans during stress events. We aimed to investigate urethral closure mechanisms during sneezing in cats. Urethral pressures along the urethra (UP1-UP4), wi...

Urethral duplication is a very rare congenital anomaly. Urethral duplication is seen most commonly in the sagittal plane. We report a rare case of complete urethral duplication in the coronal plane with no other associated anomalies. Surgical correction of this coronal urethral duplication resulted in a normal-appearing penis and good functional outcome with a single midline urethral meatus and...

PURPOSE We assessed the use of urethral pressure reflectometry in detecting pressure increases in the female urethra and compared the usefulness of urethral pressure reflectometry vs urethral pressure profilometry in a pharmacodynamic intervention study. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study 17 women with stress urinary incontinence or mix...