Abstract Polarization in the USA has been on rise for several decades. In this context, few observers expect politics today to stop “at water’s edge,” as old cliché goes. But key questions about relationship between polarization and US foreign policy remain be fully answered. To what extent are American ideas now polarized along partisan lines? How is changing behavior of Congress President? An...

Financial data usually show irregular fluctuations and some trends. We investigate whether there are correlation structures in short-term variabilities (irregular fluctuations) among financial data from the viewpoint of deterministic dynamical systems. Our method is based on the small-shuffle surrogate method. The data we use are daily closing price of Standard & Poor’s 500 and the volume, and ...

after collapse of the soviet :union:, russia is faced with strategic vaccum in its foreign policy for a time. thus, we were witnessing a period of unstable, inactive and reactionary policy- making in russian foreign policy while the us was expanding its influence on the russian periphery. but in putin's administration, the russian foreign policy has evolved dramatically. putin put the infl...

Bipartisan consensus on many US domestic and foreign policy priorities has seemingly collapsed in recent decades, political parties have become qideologically polarized divided. While some contend that these dynamics are narrowing the space for congressional innovation, we argue factionalism often fosters creativity process. Specifically, this article explores role of ‘free agent’ progressive D...

United States foreign assistance to Pakistan has always been driven by security considerations. By 2010, US counter-terrorism and stabilisation objectives resulted in Pakistan becoming the second largest recipient of US foreign aid globally. Given the policy impact of the assumption that aid promotes US security objectives in Pakistan, there is surprisingly little analysis or evidence of its ef...