In this paper I examine Locke’s criticism of the view that some species natural objects are determined by real essences, a call realism. Most commentators have focused either on putative objections to realist’s claim determining essences exist or his semantic case against assumption our terms can refer determine species. identify another objection, which, argue, is independent from both these l...

The segmentation process requi to carry TCP trafc over ATM networks can have an important e ect on the network performances. The e ciency of the TCP protocol over ATM networks is compared with the unfragmented TCP tra c, the comparison being based on the aggregate network throughput and on the throughput provided to single connections. Only a single switch with one-way tra c is considered; conn...

This software is a simulator of security system developed with Java and providing a graphic interface built with Java Swing. This simulator is bound to be used to check an existing system or a system being currently devised. A security system is represented by a logigram. A logigram consists of events linked by rules. The rules stand for triggering links between the events. The simulator provid...

Hidden Markov models are widely used in the areas of speech recognition and bioinformatics. Hidden Markov models differ from simple Markov models by including hidden states in addition to observable states. For example in bioinformatics, it is not easy to figure out what lies beneath the sequences by using simple Markov models. Once the Hidden Markov Model structure is determined, there are thr...

In this work, we show how the resource theory of nonstabilizerness quantifies hardness direct fidelity estimation protocols. particular, resources needed for a conducted on generic states, such as Pauli and shadow protocols, grow exponentially with stabilizer R\'enyi entropy. Remarkably, these protocols are shown to be feasible only those states that useless attain any quantum speedup or advant...

Half a century ago, an immunologist named N. Avrion Mitchison showed that lymphocytes--then thought to be useless--triggered tumor rejection in mice.

Experiments that are run with few experimental subjects are often considered not to be very reliable and deemed, as a result, to be useless with a view to generating new knowledge. This belief is not, however, entirely correct. Today we have tools, such as metaanalysis, that we can use to aggregate small-scale experiments and output results that are equivalent to experiments run on large sample...