The enhanced surface area of silicon nanotexture is an important metric for solar cell integration as it affects multiple properties including optical reflectance, dopant diffusion, and recombination. Silicon typically characterized by its surface-area-to-projected-area ratio or factor (EAF). However, traditional approaches measuring EAF provide limited statistics, making correlation studies di...

Polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA, is one of the most important thermoplastic material which can be used as replacement of glass due to its unmatched properties. But PMMA is prone to UV and thermal degradation. So to overcome this drawback, along with PMMA, UV absorber is incorporated which not only acts as a stabiliser but also inhibits 60% of degradation. It also provides better thermal stability...

Although an extensive number of publications have been reported on nanoimprint lithography (NIL) techniques, the ability of NIL for three-dimensional (3-D) patterning has not been fully addressed in terms of the mold fabrication and imprint processes. Developing technologies for patterning 3-D and multilevel features are important because they eliminate multiple steps and complex interlevel ali...

In this study, we demonstrate the capacity for damselfish (green chromis, Chromis viridis) to discriminate between different e-vector orientations of ultraviolet polarized light. We examined the ability of green chromis to resolve small differences in e-vector orientation of ultraviolet polarized light. Fish were successfully trained to swim towards an e-vector orientation of polarized light us...

background : one way to optimize energy consumption is replacing incandescent lamp with compact fluorescent lamps .these lamps produce ultraviolet radiation due to the nature of light production. this study aimed to evaluate the ultraviolet radiation emitted from compact fluorescent lamps which are widely used in iran. methods : this study carries out on 16 compact fluorescent lamps (four diffe...

Using recent measurements of ultraviolet interstellar polarization, we have examined its relationship to ultraviolet extinction and to polarization and extinction measurements in the visible and infrared. The relationship between the relative amount of ultraviolet polarization and the parameter determined j max , using only visible data, is conÐrmed and strengthened, for example, by a tight cor...

Over half of the solar energy consists of near-infrared, and in addition to natural near-infrared, humans are increasingly exposed to artificial near-infrared from electrical appliances. Thus, we are exposed to tremendous amounts of near-infrared. Despite the wide prevalence of a variety of ultraviolet blocking materials, the necessity to protect against near-infrared has not been well recogniz...

Introduction: Protection against harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) is measured under Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) scale. The utilization of protective clothing is the best way to deal with the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. The purpose of this study was to compare the ultraviolet ray protective factor of pure cotton and cotton coated with ti...