In this work we consider hierarchical clustering algorithms, such as UPGMA, which follow the closest-pair joining scheme. We survey optimal O(n)-time implementations of such algorithms which use a ‘locally closest’ joining scheme, and specify conditions under which this relaxed joining scheme is equivalent to the original one (i.e. ‘globally closest’).

Brachionus is an suitable live foods for fishes larve of Brachionidae family, in the present study inter and interapopulation variations of two species of family Brachionidae were investigated. For this purpose 90 individuals of geographical populations of these species were collected from different parts of Arak country and for each habitat five ecological factors were examined. Totally eleven...

Supplementary Figure 1. Alternative analysis of cluster centroid juxtaposition with MEGA2 software. A: UPGMA tree based on Euclidean distance between cluster centroids; B: Neighbor-joining tree based on inter-centroid distance matrix; C: UPGMA tree based on average Euclidean distance between cluster elements; D: Neighbor-joining tree based on average Euclidean distance between cluster elements....

There are several distinct tools to identify orthologous gene sequence from homologous gene sequence. Identification of orthologous gene is a major issue, and it is found that orthologous genes are responsible for any genetic disorders. In this paper we are focusing on hematologic disorders and found that orthologous genes are primary actor of haematological disorders. Here we present a novel a...

Durian (Durio spp.) is a germplasm with relatively high species diversity, an estimated 27 worldwide. However, the existence of several has been threatened. This study aimed to reconstruct DNA barcode durian and its relatives analyze genetic diversity relationship based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Sixteen sequences durians ITS were collected from GenBank (NCBI) analyzed in sili...

Euclidean distance is commonly involved in calculating functional diversity (FD), for example, in measures based on dendrogram branch lengths. We point out that this function is inappropriate in many cases and that the choice of clustering method is more crucial than earlier thought. Gower’s formula and UPGMA clustering are suggested here as a standard combination of techniques for calculating ...

Clustering data continues to be a highly active area of data analysis, and resemblance profiles are being incorporated into ecological methodologies as a hypothesis testing-based approach to clustering multivariate data. However, these new clustering techniques have not been rigorously tested to determine the performance variability based on the algorithm's assumptions or any underlying data st...

The genetic diversity and relationship of 42 tomato varieties sourced from different geographic regions was examined with EST-SSR markers. The genetic diversity was between 0.18 and 0.77, with a mean of 0.49; the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.17 to 0.74, with a mean of 0.45. This indicates a fairly high degree of diversity among these tomato varieties. Based on the cluster analy...

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar e determinar os descritores morfológicos de acessos ipeca. Foram avaliados 66 ipeca conservados in vivo na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em Belém, PA, totalizando 330 indivíduos, para cinco caracteres quantitativos. Os dados foram submetidos as analises multivariadas, realizado a seleção direta com reanálise agrupadas dois métodos base distância Euclidiana méd...