Our ability to recognize objects despite large changes in position, size, and context is achieved through computations that are thought to increase both the shape selectivity and the tolerance ("invariance") of the visual representation at successive stages of the ventral pathway [visual cortical areas V1, V2, and V4 and inferior temporal cortex (IT)]. However, these ideas have proven difficult...

Time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from multiple satellite sensors are crucial data to study vegetation dynamics. The Land Long Term Data Record Version 4 (LTDR V4) NDVI dataset was recently released at a 0.05 × 0.05° spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution. In this study, annual NDVI time series that are composited by the LTDR V4 and Moderate Resoluti...

The excitability of cortical neurons of prestriate area V4 and area PG of the inferior parietal lobule were examined using the method of single-neuron analysis in awake macaque monkeys. Levels of excitability were measured as the intensity of response to optimal visual stimuli placed in the most responsive region of the cell's receptive field. Physically and retinotopically identical stimuli we...

The Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement Final Run (IMERGF) product has now been upgraded to Version 4 (V4), which has been available since March 2017. Therefore, it is desirable to evaluate the characteristic differences between the V4 and the previous V3 products. A comprehensive performance evaluation of the errors of the successive V3 and V4 IMERGF prod...

To determine the locus, full extent, and topographic organization of cortical connections of area V4 (visual area 4), we injected anterograde and retrograde tracers under electrophysiological guidance into 21 sites in 9 macaques. Injection sites included representations ranging from central to far peripheral eccentricities in the upper and lower fields. Our results indicated that all parts of V...

Visual attention is generally considered to facilitate the processing of the attended stimulus. Its mechanisms, however, are still under debate. We have developed a systems-level model of visual attention which predicts that attentive effects emerge by the interactions between different brain areas. Recent physiological studies have provided evidence that attention also alters the receptive fie...

The ventral form vision pathway of the primate brain comprises a sequence of areas that include V1, V2, V4 and the inferior temporal cortex (IT) [1]. Although contour extraction in the V1 area and responses to complex images, such as faces, in the IT have been studied extensively, much less is known about shape extraction at intermediate cortical levels such as V4. Here, we used functional magn...

The interaction of four antimicrobial peptides, including magainin 2, melittin, polymyxin B and an artificial peptide V4, with phospholipid membranes was investigated by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and confocal imaging. Fluorophore entrapping and labeled vesicles were used to quantitatively determine the extent of antimicrobial peptides interacting with membrane mimics and unrav...

Extrastriate area V4 is crucial for intermediate form vision and visual attention in nonhuman primates. Human neuroimaging suggests that an area in the lingual sulcus/fusiform gyrus may correspond to ventral V4 (V4v). We studied a human neurological patient, AR, with a putative V4v lesion. The lesion does not affect early visual processing (luminance, orientation, and motion perception). Howeve...