Nuclear fusion is a promising source of clean energy that can be one of the key future suppliers of the world’s increasing power demand. One of today’s main challenges faced by scientists and engineers regarding nuclear reactors is to design plasma-facing components (PFCs) that can withstand extreme conditions of temperature, pressure, and ions/particles irradiation. Material evolution and dama...

Vanadium is the 22 most abundant element in the earth’s crust with an average concentration of 100 ppm. It exists in oxidation states ranging from 2to 5+ with 3+, 4+, and 5+ being the most common oxidation states. Vanadium is primarily used in the production of rust-resistant, spring, and high-speed tool steels; vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics. Vanadium is released to the environment by ...

Vanadium is an important metal used almost exclusively in ferrous and non-ferrous alloys due to its physicochemical and mechanical properties such as grain refinement, high tensile strength, hardness and fatigue resistance; it has a wide range of uses in the metallurgical and chemical sectors [1–3]. There are mainly three kinds of raw materials, bone coal, vanadium slag and waste vanadium catal...

Vanadium (CAS No. 7440-62-2) is an element that exists in a number of oxidation states ranging from -1 to +5 and can be found in various locales around the world. Absorption of vanadium from the gastrointestinal tract is poor and most ingested vanadium is typically converted to vanadyl. Excretion of absorbed vanadium is primarily via urine while unabsorbed vanadium is mainly eliminated in feces...

A new alloy for drive-train applications with a significant addition of vanadium is presented. The influence to air-hardening forging steels investigated and discussed. For the investigations, laboratory melt casted forged into rod. mechanical properties microstructure are described compared vanadium-free reference from previous study. component shows high strength hardness in as-forged state (...

a high strength nickel chromium alloy (50cr-50ni-nb alloy), commonly referred to as in-657, is specifically used for components in furnaces which are fired by low grade fuel oils containing high levels of vanadium, sodium and sulphur. the purpose of this study is to experimentally investigatethe effect of machining parameters on machinability in turning of inconel 657. the considered parameters...

the term nanosteels is called to some special steels consisting of nanosize phases (i.e. ferrite, cementite, and austenite), grains, and carbides (e.g. vanadium and m2c) produced by nanotechnology. it is proof that exotic physical, mechanical, and magnetic properties can be obtained from nanostructured steels. fabrication methods of nanostructure steels can be divided into two main categories, ...

A sensitive and simultaneous spectrophotometric flow injection method for the determination of vanadium(IV) and vanadium(V) is proposed. The method is based on the effect of ligands such as 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) and diphosphate on the conditional redox potential of iron(III)/iron(II) system. A four-channel flow system is assembled. In this flow system, diluted hydrochloric...

Calculations were performed to quantify the damage parameters in the leading candidate structural and plasma facing materials when used in magnetic and inertial confinement fusion systems and when irradiated in fission reactors. The structural materials considered are ferritic steel, austenitic steel, vanadium alloy and SiC/SiC composite. Plasma facing materials included beryllium, tungsten, an...