To enhance light extraction effciency, high-quality InGaN-based light emitting diodes (LED) was grown on cone-shaped patterned sapphire (CPSS) by using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). From the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the CPSS was confirmed to be an efficient way to reduce the threading dislocation density in the GaN epilayer. A sharp and high intensi...

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) become an attractive alternative to conventional light sources due to high efficiency and long lifetime. However, different material properties between GaN and sapphire cause several problems such as high defect density in GaN, serious wafer bowing, particularly in large-area wafers, and poor light extraction of GaN-based LEDs. Here, we suggest a new growth strategy...

8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) was chosen as a powerful ligand for Hg solid phase extraction. Among several chelating resins based on 8-HQ, 5-phenylazo-8-hydroxyquinoline (5Ph8HQ) is used for mercury extraction in which the adsorption dynamics were fully studied. It has been shown that Hg(II) is totally absorbed by 5Ph8HQ within the first 30 minutes of contact time with t 1/2 5 minutes, following La...

In this work, a more accurate prediction of liquid evaporation flux has been achieved. The statistical rate theory approach, which is recently introduced by Ward and Fang and exact estimation of vapor pressure in the layer adjacent to the liquid–vapor interface have  been used for prediction of this flux. Firstly, the existence of an equilibrium layer adjacent to the liquid-vapor interface ...

Gas injection into heavy oil reservoirs could result in high ultimate recovery of oil. Experimental studies showed that an application of a combined technology of Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) and Vapor Extraction (VAPEX) could increase final oil recovery of a candidate viscous oil reservoir. In this paper the results of laboratory investigation are presented, including Pressure-Volu...

Two-phase equilibrium data was measured for carbon dioxide with triacylglycerols from crude palm oil using a phase equilibrium loading re-circulating high-pressure type apparatus at various pressures and at temperatures of 80, 100 and 120°C. According to this research, it concluded that the highest extraction in term of vapor phase was carried out at a middle pressure (P=5.4 MPa) and at tempera...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been found to be a major contributor to air pollution in many chemical and industrial processes. Recently, a new class of solvents–ionic liquids, which are chemically stable and non-volatile liquid organic salts at temperatures less than 100 C, have attracted widespread interest due to its negligible volatility, nonflammability and high ionic conductivity....

A problem of current interest in geothermal energy extraction is the injection of cold water into a porous medium containing superheated vapor. Such injection will cause a boiling front to move away from the injection point. When flow is approximated as being one-dimensional radial, it can be shown from similarity variable concepts that temperature, pressure, and boiling rate at the front are c...

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The principal object of this paper is to develop a neural network model, which can simulate the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process in TFT-Array procedure. Then the Boolean logic rules are extracted from the trained neural network in order to establish a knowledge base of expert system. The input data of neural network was collected form the process parameters of PECVD mac...