PURPOSE Absorption of irrigation fluid was not detected during GreenLight™ laser vaporization of the prostate using the first generation 80 W laser. However, data are lacking on intraoperative irrigation fluid absorption using the second generation 120 W high power laser. We assessed whether fluid absorption occurs during high power laser vaporization of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS We...

Discovery of abundant anhydrite (CaSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4W2H2O) in the otherwise carbonate sediment comprising the upper 3 km thick layer of the target rock at the K/T impact site has prompted research on these minerals. Evaluation of the severity of the proposed extinction mechanism involving injection of impact-generated SO2 and SO3 into the stratosphere entails determination of criteria for ...

Laser vaporization of an icosahedral AI-Pd-Mn sample with detection by time-of-flight mass spectrometry is used to probe metal clusters made from the alloy. After sample vaporization, clusters form by gas aggregation and may contain several to hundreds of atoms. Multi-photon ionization/fragmentation of these clusters yields mass spectra showing many cluster sizes with enhanced intensity. Cluste...

A protocol for adjusting fusion enthalpies as a function of temperature is described. The protocol combines two simple relationships previously proposed to adjust sublimation and vaporization enthalpies with temperature. This new protocol provides improved accuracy and precision relative to the other theoretical and empirical methods tested. Experimental fusion and vaporization enthalpies measu...

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the dominant factor in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). However, Photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) has attracted more attention in the treatment of BPH. Therefore, this article summarized the therapeutic effect of 80 W to 180 W green laser vaporization in the treatment of BPH. The results showed that the PVP ca...

Anhydrous liquid ammonia has a boiling point of -33.35 C, which might suggest that it would be a difficult material to handle, particularly in light of the familiar noxious odor of the gas. However, owing to hydrogen bonding, liquid ammonia has a relatively high heat of vaporization (23.3 J/mol vs. 40.7 J/mol for H2O). Thus, if kept in an insulated vessel (e.g., a Dewar flask), its rate of vapo...

The vaporization enthalpies and liquid vapor pressures of quinoxaline, quinazoline, phthalazine, benzo[c]cinnoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, phenazine, and triphenylamine are measured by correlation-gas chromatography and compared to values calculated from available literature vaporization, sublimation, and fusion enthalpy data. Good agreement with the literature is observed for all compounds excep...

Two methods of preparing guanine in the gas phase, thermal vaporization and laser desorption, have been investigated. The guanine generated by each method is entrained in a molecular beam, single-photon ionized with tunable VUV synchrotron radiation, and analyzed using reflectron mass spectrometry. The recorded photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves show a dramatic difference for experiments p...

Single aerosol particles of ethylene glycol and oleic acid are vaporized on a heater at temperatures between 500 and 700 K, and the resulting vapor plume is ionized by a 10.5-eV vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser. The mass spectra are compared to those obtained by CO2 laser vaporization followed by VUV laser ionization. The relative intensities of the parent and fragment ion peaks are remarkably si...