Four methods for compression ratio estimation based on cylinder pressure traces are developed and evaluated for simulated and experimental cycles. Three methods rely upon a model of polytropic compression for the cylinder pressure. It is shown that they give good estimates with a small bias at low compression ratios. A variable projection algorithm with a logarithmic norm of the cylinder pressu...

limit to the tension reinforcement ratio in flexural high strength reinforced concrete (hsrc) members isbased on the requirement that tension failure as sufficient rotation capacity are ensured at ultimate limit state.however, the provisions for the total amount of longitudinal reinforcement ratio ( and ) are not associated withany rational derivation. in this paper, a quantitative measure to e...

limit to the tension reinforcement ratio ( ρ) in flexural high strength reinforced concrete (hsrc) members is based on the requirement that tension failure as sufficient rotation capacity are ensured at ultimate limit state. however, the provisions for the total amount of longitudinal reinforcement ratio ( ρ and ρ’) are not associated with any rational derivation. in this paper, a quantitative ...

Texture compression is a specialized form of image compression designed for storing texture maps in 3D computer graphics rendering systems. Texture compression is an important technique in graphics processing units (GPUs) for saving memory bandwidth. Unlike conventional image compression algorithms, texture compression algorithms are optimized for random access. Therefore, the variable-rate seq...

Today the important challenge is to reduced energy crises and pollution problems , since the use of fossil fuel is continuously increasing due to growth in industrialization. For economic development of country and living standards. Hence there is need to find and alternative fuels to decrease the consumption of fossil fuel and reduce the emission emitted from fossil fuel which produces hazarda...

The paper identifies patterns of Boolean variables that occur in Boolean formulae, namely AND-clusters and OR-clusters. We give a polynomial algorithm that detects AND-clusters in disjunctive normal form (DNF) Boolean formulae, or OR-clusters in conjunctive normal form (CNF) Boolean formulae. Furthermore, we explain how to exploit the clusters in the context of ProbLog. In ProbLog, Boolean form...

V-variable fractals, where V is a positive integer, are intuitively fractals with at most V different “forms” or “shapes” at all levels of magnification. In this paper we describe how V-variable fractals can be used for the purpose of image compression.

Fracture toughness of re-entrant foam materials with a negative Poisson's ratio is explored experimentally as a function of permanent volumetric compression ratio, a processing variable. JIC values of toughness of negative Poisson's ratio open cell copper foams are enhanced by 80%, 130%, and 160% for permanent volumetric compression ratio values of 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0, respectively, compared to t...

Pigeons pecked a key under two-component multiple variable-ratio schedules that offered 8-s or 2-s access to grain. Postreinforcement pausing and the rates of responding following the pause (run rates) in each component were measured as a function of variable-ratio size and the size of the lowest ratio in the configuration of ratios comprising each schedule. In one group of subjects, variable-r...