We measured the free thyroxin (FT4) concentration in serum from 79 patients with nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI), using two analog RIAs and two calculation methods, and compared the results with those by ultrafiltration (UF) as a reference. The percentage of NTI patients with subnormal concentrations of FT4 was 10.1% by UF; 20.3% by mathematical calculation (MC) according to mass-action theory; 19...

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) exerts an orexigenic effect that resembles that of opioids, suggesting that the MCH and opioid systems could interact in controlling the food intake behavior. Three series of experiments were conducted in male Wistar rats: 1) to test the ability of the κ-, μ-, and δ-opioid receptor antagonists binaltorphimine (nor-BNI-κ), β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA-μ), and naltr...

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently suggested that the bioequivalence (BE) for products of drugs with narrow therapeutic indices (NTI) be assessed by the approach of reference-scaled average BE (SABE). Subsequently, in December, 2012, the FDA issued draft guidances for the comparison of products of warfarin sodium and of tacrolimus. The guidances expect that 4-period studies ...

Thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured in 1580 hospitalized patients and 109 normal persons. Using the mean +/- 3 SD limits of the log values for the controls (0.35-6.7 milli-int. units/L), the proportion of abnormal TSH results in the hospitalized patients was 17.2%. TSH was undetectable (less than 0.1 milli-int. unit/L) in 3.1% of patients, suggesting hyperthyroidism, and high (greate...

Given the mounting evidence for involvement of delta opioid receptors in the tolerance and physical dependence of mu opioid receptor agonists, we have investigated the possible physical interaction between mu and delta opioid receptors by using bivalent ligands. Based on reports of suppression of antinociceptive tolerance by the delta antagonist naltrindole (NTI), bivalent ligands [mu-delta ago...

An experiment was conducted during 2017-19 at Forest Research Station (FRS), Govinkovi, Davangere district which is situated in the Southern Transitional Zone of Karnataka with 16 tamarind genotypes (K-9, NTI-52, K-11, S-7, S-8, S-14, S-3, N-6, D-2, C-4, D-9, NTI-89, D-19, S-6, K-10 and K-12). In this study, yield components were analyzed for correlation path analysis. The results revealed that...

BACKGROUND Because of the possible role of cytokines including interleukins (IL) in systemic non-thyroidal illnesses' (NTI) pathogenesis and consequently the frequently associated alterations in thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations constituting the euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS), we aimed in this research to elucidate the possible relation between IL-6 & IL-10 and any documented ESS in a cohort o...

Abstract Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the first-line anticonvulsant drug with a narrow therapeutic index (NTI) and substrate for CYP3A4 MRP-2. Ajuga bracteosa (AB), family Lamiaceae widely used to treat epilepsy, gastric diseases, protects against liver damage in folk. It contains bioactive metabolites, which are powerful inhibitors of CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP19, CYP2C19 enzymes P-gp transporter. Concomit...

OBJECTIVE Non-thyroidal illness (NTI) is associated with alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism. Whether morphological changes of the thyroid gland accompany NTI is unknown. The aim of the present study was to describe thyroid morphology in patients with lethal non-thyroidal disease. DESIGN In an autopsy study 267 cases have been examined. METHODS Clinical data were obtained from medical...