In this work we substantiate the applying of the Helmholtz vector decomposition theorem (H-theorem) to vector fields in classical electrodynamics. Using the H-theorem, within the framework of the two-parameter Lorentz-like gauge (so called v-gauge), we show that two kinds of magnetic vector potentials exist: one of them (solenoidal) can act exclusively with the velocity of light c and the other...

A simple method to invert the absolute geostrophic velocity on potential-density surfaces is developed based on McDougall’s (1988) conservation statements on potential-density surfaces and Chu’s (1995) and McDougall’s (1995) P-vector concept. This method has a capability to handle a system with diapycnal velocities and non-coincidence of potential-density and neutral surfaces. The validity of t...

A, B, C = state-space matrices a = acceleration due to linear-quadratic-regulatorand artificial-potential-field-determined control effort aAPF = acceleration due to artificial-potential-fielddetermined control effort aLQR = acceleration due to linear-quadratic-regulatordetermined control effort am = maximum acceleration aobs = acceleration of chaser spacecraft toward an obstacle ax;y;z = accele...

The Fisher information matrix for the unknown moving targets velocity parameters is computed as function of the antenna radiation pattern. The resultant matrix is analysed and the characteristics that the antenna gain should exhibit in order to enhance the estimation of the unknown moving objects velocity vector are deduced. Simulation results comparing the various antenna radiation patterns en...

In this paper, we point out that the 4-vector force exerted on a particle by another particle is always in the direction orthogonal to the 4-vector velocity of the exerted particle in 4-dimensional space-time, rather than along the line joining the couple of the particles. This inference is obviously supported from the fact that the magnitude of the 4-vector velocity is always a constant. This ...

Fluids research often involves developing theories about the complex relationships between multiple scalar and vector quantities. We discuss strategies for effectively visualizing co-located vector fields, enabling the key physical structures of one vector field to be clearly understood within the context of a related vector field. We describe the range of effects that can be obtained by combin...

Ten different feature vectors are tested in a gesture recognition task which utilizes 3D data gathered in real-time from stereo video cameras, and HMMs for learning and recognition of gestures. Results indicate velocity features are superior to positional features, and partial rotational invariance is sufficient for good performance.

Different (not only by sign) affine connections are introduced for con-travariant and covariant tensor fields over a differentiable manifold by means of a non-canonical contraction operator, defining the notion dual space and commuting with the covariant and with the Lie-differential operator. Classification of the linear transports on the basis of the connections between the connections is giv...

a = semimajor axis b = magnetic field vector e = eccentricity e = orbital element vector e · = matrix exponential f = true anomaly h = angular momentum magnitude i = inclination J = cost Jn = nth zonal harmonic coefficient M = mean anomaly m = mass m = magnetic dipole vector N − 1 = number of thrusts n = mean motion p = semilatus rectum q = electrical charge r = orbit radius magnitude r = posit...