upstream blankets, drains and cutoff walls are considered as effective measures to reduce seepage, uplift pressure and exit gradient under the foundation of hydraulic structures. to investigate the effectiveness of these measures, individually or in accordance with others, a large number of experiments were carried out on a laboratory model. to extend the investigation for unlimited arrangement...

Slope failures are catastrophic when they suddenly occur in human habitats. The stability of slopes gradually diminishes with heavy rainfall due to the increase pore water pressure; subsequently, shear strength slope soil decreases. effect rainwater on instability was studied this research respect factor safety values. Accordingly, finite element analysis and limit equilibrium were conducted us...

INTRODUCTION The prophylactic use of closed suction drains after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the management of gynecologic tumors has been widely used to prevent collections of clots or lymph and to avoid infections and postoperative fistulas. The improvement of newer surgical techniques, the use of antibiotic prophylaxis, and the nonclosure of the peritoneum led to the need to reevaluat...