Volatile fatty acids (VFA), produced in the rumen by microbial fermentation, are the main energy source for ruminants. The VFA profile, particularly the nonglucogenic (acetate, Ac; butyrate, Bu) to glucogenic (propionate, Pr) VFA ratio (NGR), is associated with effects on methane production, milk composition, and energy balance. The aim of this study was to evaluate extant rumen VFA stoichiomet...

Agricultural odors present an increasingly difficult challenge to livestock producers, yet very little information is available on the microbiology of odor production or microbial factors that regulate the emission of odors. This study examined the microbial potential for odor production and odor consumption in two soils from a cattle production facility in central Nebraska. The two soils teste...

The present study was designed to establish adequate criteria for categorizing 'obesity disease' in Japan in relation to obesity-related complications. The subjects were 1,193 Japanese subjects (775 men, 418 women; age: 20-84 years old, body mass index (BMI): 14.9-56.4 kg/m(2)) including subjects undergoing a health examination and obese subjects visiting an obesity clinic. Visceral fat area (V...

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common disorder in obese subjects. Visceral fat accumulation (VFA) is a better predictor of coronary heart disease than body mass index. Leptin is a hormone involved in the control of body weight and fat distribution. The effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) treatment on VFA and serum leptin levels in OSAS patients h...

BACKGROUND In Korea, the cutoff values of waist circumference (WC) for the identification of metabolic syndrome (MetS) were suggested to be 90 cm for men and 85 cm for women based on the analysis mainly in middle-aged adults. As aging is associated with increased fat, especially abdominal visceral fat, the cutoff value of WC may differ according to age. In addition, the usefulness of visceral a...

The titrimetric method is used for on-site measurement of the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in anaerobic treatment. In current practice, specific and interpolated pH-volume data points are used to obtain the concentration of VFA by solving simultaneous equations iteratively to convergence (denoted as SEq). Here, the least squares method (LSM) is introduced as an elegant alternati...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is associated with the metabolic syndrome independently of visceral fat area (VFA) and waist circumference (WC). METHODS Forty-three high-risk vascular patients were evaluated for metabolic syndrome criteria and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify SAD and VFA at the L4-L5 disc. COMPARISONS: 1. Baseline differe...

BACKGROUND Dietary lectins can alter the proliferation of colonic cells. Differentiation is regulated by adhesion molecules which, being glycosylated, are targets for lectin binding. AIMS To examine the effects of dietary lectins on differentiation, adhesion, and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. METHODS Differentiation was assessed in three dimensional gels, adhesion by aggregation...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether liver fat percent (LFP) is associated with the metabolic syndrome independently of visceral fat area (VFA). METHODS 43 High-risk vascular patients not on lipid-lowering therapy were evaluated for the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) metabolic syndrome criteria and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify VFA and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) at the...

Effects of weaning age on plasma VFA were examined using 16 Holstein heifer calves. Animals entered the study at 6 +/- 3.5 d of age and were fed 1.8 kg milk twice daily to 28 (early weaning) or 56 d (late weaning) and a commercial pelleted calf starter from 0 (early) or 28 (late) d. Blood was sampled once weekly for 14 wk. Total blood concentrations of VFA, acetate, propionate, and butyrate wer...