Sambucus nigra (elder) are broadly used species to treat microbial infections. Thepotential antiviral activity and mechanism action of elder fruit (EF) in human epithelium cell(A549) cultures infected with H9N2 influenza virus were determined. The effect of variousconcentrations of EF on influenza virus replication was examined by using virus titration,quantitative real time RT-PCR, fusion and ...

Viral protein-1 (VP1) is a major capsid protein of Coxsakievirus B3 (CVB3) that plays an important role in directing viruses towards permissive cells and acts as a main antigenic site of the virus in eliciting of host immune response, hence it seems VP1 can be considered as a vaccine candidate against CVB3 infection. In this study, cDNA of VP1 was prepared, cloned into pET expression vector and...

objective: the aim of the present study was the production of recombinant lentviruses that express mir-16. after transduction, altered expression levels of mirna and its target protein were analyzed. methods: a dna fragment that contained the mir-16 precursor was cloned in a lentiviral plasmid. lentiviral vector particles were produced by transient calcium phosphate co-transfection of 293t cell...

Background: Human Adenovirus species D (HAdV-D) was common human viral pathogen especially in eye infection, consists of several types of which HAdV-D8, -D19 and –D37 were common in eye infection. This study includes detection of HAdV-D types implicated in conjunctivitis based on L2 (Penton protein) gene similarity. Methods: Conjunctival swabs were collected from Keratoconjunctivitis patient...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major viral in farm animals. In the present study, seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced against FMD virus (FMDV)-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D protein) and characterized. Screening of mAb reactivity three overlapping fragments 3D protein expressed Escherichia coli revealed that binding sites all mAbs confined to N-terminal one-third prote...

Purified reovirus type 3 (strain Dearing) was treated with monoclonal anti-?l antibody conjugated to ferritin and examined in the electron microscope. Virion associated ferritin molecules corresponding to locations of the ?l protein were observed. Electron microsocpy of thin sections of these preparations revealed that ferritin conjugates were localized at the vertices of the viral icosahe...