Background: Potyviruses are accounted for 40% of viral diseases of various crops including vegetables and legumes. Potyviruses can be transmitted through plant sap, seeds and many aphid species. Due to ease of spread of these viruses detection of such viruses are crucial as to the control of the incited diseases. Objectives: This study compared the efficiencies of two couples of primers in the...

Background and Aims: Rubella virus is a human pathogen that causes congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) when infection occurs during early pregnancy. Vaccination programs have been remarkably successful in controlling natural rubella infection and CRS. Moreover, ongoing surveillance for all cases of rubella and CRS is a vital component of a prevention program. Although the WHO recommends the use o...

Background and Aims: Virus infections represent some of the most important diseases of lily, plants because of the devastating effects caused to the crops and the absence of effective treatments. A survey for virus diseases of lilies, revealed the occurrence of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in plants growing in Tehran province, Iran. Materials and Methods: During 2013, 50 lily samples with virus-...

The identification of honeybee viruses is of serious importance, particularly considering the lack of information on the natural incidence of viral infections in honeybee populations worldwide. Moreover, the global spread of Varroa destructor in honeybee colonies has a significant effect on the viral infection. In the present study, 160 samples of adult bee from apparently healthy colonies but ...

objective sub acute sclerosing pan encephalitis (sspe), a progressive neurological disorder characterized by inflammation of the brain (encephalitis), is the result of an inappropriate immune response to the measles virus or measles vaccination. sspe usually develops 2 to 10 years after the original viral attack. some of the major signs and symptoms are mental deterioration, jerky movements, an...

objective: grape virus diseases are a serious problem in iran. leaves and fruits of grape have been used for different purposes like cooking in iran. the present investigation was carried out to study on the cytotoxic-activities of extracts of fruits and leaves of vitis vinifera from both virus-free and virus-infected grape cultivars against breast cancer cell line (mda-mb-231) and human embryo...