Vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL) is a rare variant of primary central nervous system (PCNSL), mostly diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which affects the retina and/or vitreous with or without optic nerve involvement. The disease course aggressive. Up to 90% patients develop within one year. diagnosis VRL challenging due nonspecific chronic and relapsing uveitis made by anterior chamber tab aspirate bi...

BACKGROUND The prognosis for patients with primary vitreoretinal is dismal. The close association of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma with primary central nervous system lymphoma is responsible for high rates of mortality. Traditional treatments consist of systemic chemotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy. The optimal approach for the treatment of isolated primary vitreoretinal lymphoma is uncle...

X-linked juvenile retinoschisis (XLRS) is a recessively inherited vitreoretinal degeneration characterized by macular pathology and splitting of the neuroretinal layers that is associated with alterations in the XLRS1 gene. There have been no therapeutic interventions known to be effective for patients with X-linked juvenile retinoschisis, but some studies are trying to determine the importance...

The vitreous is a complex structure whose composition and appearance change with age. Anomalous adhesions between the posterior vitreous face and the retinal surface are the cause of numerous vitreoretinal complications, while the presence of an intact posterior hyaloid provides a scaffold for vascular growth and anteroposterior traction. This review summarizes what is known about the biochemis...

induce type II achondrogenesis-hydrochondrogenesis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, and Stickler syndrome, along with Kniest syndrome . 6-8) The clinical features of Kniest syndrome include a disproportionately short stature with a short, barrel-shaped chest, kyphoscoliosis, enlargement of joints with limited range of motion, a flat face with prominent eyes, low nasal bridge, myopia tha...

increased vitreoretinal adhesion include lattice degeneration, some post-inflammatory lesions, areas of degenerative modelling, and some vitreous base lesions. These areas of increased adhesion may remain attached, even if the vitreous is detached elsewhere. Sebag and Balazs reported that the posterior vitreous cortex contained a round hole corresponding to the peripapillary attachment. The dia...

PURPOSE To describe an association between extrafoveal vitreoretinal traction and intractable chronic pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (CME) by the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS In a retrospective case series study, charts and OCT findings of patients who had postoperative recalcitrant pseudophakic CME for at least 6 months and vitreoretinal traction membranes were anal...

Retinal diseases generally are vision-threatening conditions that warrant appropriate clinical decision-making which currently solely dependents upon extensive clinical screening by specialized ophthalmologists. In the era where molecular assessment has improved dramatically, we aimed at the identification of biomarkers in 175 ocular fluids to classify four archetypical ocular conditions affect...

Due to transparent ocular media, it is relatively easy to observe intraocular tissues such as the vitreous and retina without invasion, and various administration approaches including intravitreal and subretinal injection, or implantation can be applicable. Since the eye-ball is a closed organ, novel therapeutic molecules such as an antisense oligonucleotide for cytomegalovirus retinitis (Fomiv...

In this paper, a new method for non-blind image watermarking that is robust against affine transformation and ordinary image manipulation is presented. The suggested method presents a watermarking scheme based on redundant discrete wavelet transform and Singular Value Decomposition. After applying RDWT to both cover and watermark images, we apply SVD to the LL subbands of them. We then modify s...