We report a novel strategy for writing volume holograms by photoacid generation and subsequent acid-catalyzed degradation leading to increased free volume/refractive index modulation in the exposed regions of a cross-linked rigid polymeric matrix. This strategy offers nondestructive read out and high diffraction efficiency and allows optical-quality, millimeter thick films to be fabricated that...

The effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil (REO) and modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the survival of certain pathogens (Salmonella Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes) in poultry fillets and on their meat quality during 7 days of refrigerated storage were investigated. Because REO at 0.05% and 0.1% had weak antibacterial activity and REO at 0.3%, 0.5% and 1.0% im...

The identification of the molecular structure of fibrinogen has given a better understanding of many clinical conditions associated with abnormalities of fibrinogen. Proteolysis of fibrinogen or fibrin by its natural lytic enzyme, plasmin, leads to the formation of degradation products which are of great importance in the laboratory diagnosis of many pathological conditions. The biochemical and...

This study has used proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for direct air analyses of volatile products resulting from the reactions of ozone with human skin lipids. An initial series of small-scale in vitro and in vivo experiments were followed by experiments conducted with human subjects in a simulated office. The latter were conducted using realistic ozone mixing ratios (approxi...

Generation of volatiles by thermal treatments has been studied in saffron spice for two reasons: (a) to determine volatile profile changes during simulated aging processes and (b) to study the volatile generation pathway. During the aging process, while the amounts of C10 compounds such as safranal and HTCC increase, the amounts of C9 compounds such as isophorone and 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexane-...

Iron gall inks are characterised by high contents of acids and transition metals, promoting degradation of cellulose due to hydrolysis and oxidation, respectively. Their chemical interaction with the environment is not well understood, especially in view of emissions of degradation products which could lead to spread of degradation processes. In order to study the emissions, we employed gas chr...

Three diets for cows were used to evaluate the effect of extruded linseed (EL) or extruded linseed plus alpha-tocopherol (ELVE) supplementation of a maize silage diet (CO) on the odor-active compounds of Saint-Nectaire cheese. Cheese odor and flavor profiles were studied by sensory analysis. The volatile compounds were extracted by purge and trap and separated by gas chromatography. The odor co...

Cupriavidus sp. are generally heavy metal tolerant bacteria with the ability to degrade a variety of aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, although the degradation pathways and substrate versatilities remain largely unknown. Here we studied the bacterium Cupriavidus gilardii strain CR3, which was isolated from a natural asphalt deposit, and which was shown to utilize naphthenic acids as a sole carbon...