The development of microsurgical techniques for replantation of amputated digits and limbs has led to longer periods of ischemia in the clinical setting. In addition, transplantation of skeletal muscle is employed to treat facial paralysis and Volkmann’s ischemic contracture. To restore function to replanted extremities and transplanted muscle, not only should the ischemic period be shorter tha...

The brachial artery is rarely injured in closed posterior dislocation of the elbow, unlike the high rate of vascular injury seen after dislocation of the knee. Despite the anatomical proximity of the brachial artery to the elbow joint, most cases of brachial artery injury after dislocation of the elbow are related to an associated fracture, an open injury or high-energy trauma. A high index of ...

Contracture due to hypoxia, to both oxygen and glucose deficiency, and to potassium chloride was induced in rat left ventricular papillary muscle preparations. Under contracture conditions, the sum of resting heat plus contracture heat was measured using Hill-type, planar vacuum-deposited thermopiles. On the basis of the measured total and initial heat output and the corresponding tension-time ...

Capsular contracture is the most common complication following implant based breast surgery and is one of the most common reasons for reoperation. Therefore, it is important to try and understand why this happens, and what can be done to reduce its incidence. A literature search using the MEDLINE database was conducted including search terms 'capsular contracture breast augmentation', 'capsular...

Adenosine receptors may be important determinants of intrinsic ischemic tolerance. Genetically modified mice were used to examine effects of global A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) knockout (KO) on function and ischemic tolerance in perfused mouse hearts. Baseline contractile function and heart rate were unaltered by A1AR KO, which was shown to abolish the negative chronotropic effects of 2-chloroa...

Gap junction-mediated communication can modulate cell death in different tissues. In myocardium, gap junction communication is altered during ischemia, which contributes to the development of arrhythmias, but still allows synchronization of the onset of rigor contracture in the progression of injury. During reperfusion, gap junction communication allows cell-to-cell spread of hypercontracture a...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Agreement between physicians to define the likelihood of a transient ischemic attack (TIA) remains poor. Several studies have compared neurologists with nonneurologists, and neurologists among themselves, but not between fellowship-trained stroke neurologists. We investigated the diagnostic agreement in 55 patients with suspected TIA. METHODS The history and physical ex...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The risk of a stroke after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) is high in the short time following a TIA. The German Stroke Society recommends an early hospitalization of patients with TIA preferably in a stroke unit (SU). This study aims to compare the impact of SU care with conventional care (CC) in patients with TIA. METHODS In a prospective study, during a 36-month ph...