Sulfur-containing CWA simulants of yperite (CEES) and VX (PhX) are neutralized with Oxone, in solid or liquid form, flow systems.

A flow reactor was designed, manufactured by 3D printing, and modified to promote the selective ethanolysis of a chemical warfare agent VX surrogate.

An attempt at such a characterization was made in Krantz, Luce, Suppes, and Tversky (1971) where by simultaneously axiomatizing length and velocity while requiring velocity to be distance divided by time it was shown that there existed a unique composition formula for velocities. However, Krantz et al. were not able qualitatively to characterize this formula as the relativistic law for the addi...

Organophosphorus nerve agents such as sarin (GB) and VX irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing a buildup of acetylcholine (ACh) in synapses and neuromuscular junctions, which leads to excess bronchial secretions, convulsions, seizures, coma, and death. Understanding the unique toxic characteristics of different nerve agents is vital in the effort to develop broad spectrum medical co...

Percutaneous exposure to the chemical warfare nerve agent VX was evaluated in African green monkeys (n=9). Doses of VX (7.5-100 μg/kg) were applied to the skin for 60 min and residual agent was quantified (before decontamination) to estimate the absorbed dose. Monkeys were evaluated for the presence or absence of clinical signs of toxicity and blood was sampled periodically (30 min--12 weeks) f...

The anti-hepatic cancer effects of three free polyunsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and gamma-linolenic acids) dissolved in an oily lymphographic agent, Lipiodol Ultra-Fluid (Lipiodol), following intrahepatic arterial administration were examined using a rabbit liver cancer model, VX-2. The tumor was inoculated into the subcapsular parenchyma of the liver of rabbits, and Lipio...

The highly toxic organophosphorus compound VX [O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]methylphosphonate] is an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Prolonged inhibition of AChE increases endogenous levels of acetylcholine and is toxic at nerve synapses and neuromuscular junctions. We hypothesized that repeated exposure to sublethal doses of VX would affect genes assoc...

The xanthophyll cycle is an important photoprotective process functioning in plants. One of its forms, the violaxanthin (Vx) cycle, involves interconversion between: Vx, antheraxanthin (Ax) and zeaxanthin (Zx). Another kind of the xanthophyll cycle is the diadinoxanthin (Ddx) cycle in which interconversion between Ddx and diatoxanthin (Dtx) occurs. In this study an information on molecular mech...

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene that impair the function of CFTR, an epithelial chloride channel required for proper function of the lung, pancreas, and other organs. Most patients with CF carry the F508del CFTR mutation, which causes defective CFTR protein folding and processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in min...

Aims. We present a spectroscopic analysis of the extremely luminous red star VX Sgr based on high-resolution observations combined with AAVSO light curve data. Given puzzling characteristics Sgr, we explore three scenarios for its nature: massive supergiant (RSG) or hypergiant (RHG), Thorne Zytkow object (TZO), and an extreme Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) star. Methods. Sampling more than one w...