Freshening of high latitude surface waters can change the large-scale oceanic transport of heat and salt. Consequently, atmospheric and sea ice perturbations over the deep water production sites excite a large-scale response establishing an oceanic ‘‘teleconnection’’ with time scales of years to centuries. To study these feedbacks, a coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model consisting of a two di...

Wind, wave and current interactions control the boundary fluxes, momentum and energy exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean, and within the water column. The wind wave effect on the circulation is investigated in a threedimensional time-dependant ocean circulation model. This POM (Princeton Ocean Model) based model is implemented with realistic coastlines in South China Sea and emphasize...

A dynamically consistent steady state circulation pattern of the North Pacific (NP) ocean is presented. The fields describing oceanic state and atmospheric forcing are obtained by fitting a steady state large-scale circulation model to the 1.0 release of World Ocean Circulation Experiment hydrology, da Silva atmospheric climatologies, TOPEXPoseidon altimetry, and Marine Environmental Data Servi...

The R ıa de Vigo is a bay strongly influenced by upwelling-downwelling cycles along the adjacent coast of NW Iberia. Moored and ship-board observations during September 2006 showed that subduction, initially associated with an estuarine circulation, strengthened when a strong downwelling circulation, resulting from northward wind over the coastal ocean, was generated in the outer R ıa causing a...

The ocean’s overturning circulation is inherently three-dimensional, yet modern quantitative estimates of the overturning typically represent the subsurface circulation as a two-dimensional, two-cell streamfunction that varies with latitude and depth only. This approach suppresses information about zonal mass and tracer transport. In this article, the authors extend earlier, zonally averaged ov...

The ocean is one of the main components climate system. It distributes and absorbs heat to regulate at different time scales. Temperature salinity (saltiness) control density water. Differences in water are important for circulation—they responsible generating some currents that move through ocean. An part circulation called thermohaline circulation. Thermohaline absorbs, stores, transfers arou...

In addition to the mean meridional Hadley circulation, there also exist zonal overturning circulations that contribute to the meteorology and climatology of the tropics. Together, these overturning circulations are commonly referred to as the Walker circulation. In this section, we first explore the history and basic structure of the Walker circulation. Later, we reintroduce the shallow water e...

[1] The glacial cycles of the Pleistocene involve changes in the circulation of the deep ocean in important ways. This review seeks to establish what were the robust patterns of deep-sea water mass changes and how they might have influenced important parts of the last glacial cycle. After a brief review of how tracers in the modern ocean can be used to understand the distribution of water masse...