In response to increasing environmental concern over the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) to clean printed circuit assemblies, many surface mount operations are converting to water soluble or no-clean type solder pastes. Current trends indicate that this conversion will progress rapidly until water soluble and no-clean pastes constitute the majority of the product mix. With the introduction o...

Abstract Accurate prediction of water surface profile in an open channel is the key to solving numerous critical engineering problems. The goal current research predict a compound with converging floodplains using machine learning approaches, including gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural networks (ANNs), and support vector machines (SVMs), terms both geometric flow variables, a...

A series of experiments are presented which study the flow kinematics of water past drag-reducing superhydrophobic surfaces. The ultrahydrophobic surfaces are fabricated from silicon wafers using photolithography and are designed to incorporate precise patterns of micrometer-sized ridges aligned in the flow direction. The ridges are made hydrophobic through a chemical reaction with an organosil...

Accumulation of soluble salts in arid areas which are similar to most regions of Iran is inevitable in soil surface and profile because of low precipitation and high evaporation. High concentration of soluble salts in soil profile caused severe problems for root water uptake thus plant growth stopped. Reducing soil salinity to optimized content by leaching and avoiding soil pounding must be con...