background: nitrate is an acute and well-known hazardous contaminant, and its contamination of water sources has been a growing concern worldwide in recent years. this study evaluated the feasibility of nitrate removal from water using the traditional coagulants alum and ferric chloride with lower concentrations than those used in the conventional coagulation process. methods: in this research,...

A wastewater treatment and reclamation facility in north-east Spain was monitored over 1 year to determine the occurrence and concentrations of different microbial indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal enterococci, somatic bacteriophages and spores of sulfite-reducing clostridia). The removal of the indicators and its relationships through the wastewater treatment and reclamation trains were eval...

A city consumes a large amount of water. Urban planning and development are becoming more compelling due to the fact of growing competition for water, which has lead to an increasing and conflicting demand. As such, investments in water supply, sanitation and water resources management is a strong potential for a solid return. A pilot project of greywater ecological treatment has been establish...

Abstract Three media (sediment, surface water, and dragonfly larvae tissue) were collected from wetlands surrounding an industrial effluent treatment facility prior to closure. Samples analyzed for metals, total mercury, polychlorinated dibenzo- p -dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) concentrations. Sediment water concentrations compared provincial federal guidelines, as well refe...

activated sludge or extended aeration treatment involves a continous system where aerobic biological growths are mixed with waste water and then separated in a gravity clarifier. therefore, waste treatment system such as the activated sludge system depend on the activities of communities of living organism. in this study, an attempt was made on the indentification of the bacterial population in...

Decentralized wastewater treatment technology, especially natural ecological technology has widely been used in rural regions. In this paper, a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) of typical - artificial wetland was conducted. SimaPro software applied to simulate the facility, and CML2 baseline2000 impact evaluation method selected analyze environmental loads benefits during cycle. The fa...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Hygiene during childbirth is essential to the health of mothers and newborns, irrespective of where birth takes place. This paper investigates the status of water and sanitation in both the home and facility childbirth environments, and for whom and where this is a more significant problem. METHODS We used three datasets: a global dataset, with information on the hom...