The need for on-demand provisioning of wavelength routed channels with service differentiated offerings within the transport layer has become more essential due to the recent emergence of high bit rate IP network applications such as multimedia conferencing systems, video on demand systems, real-time control systems, etc. Diverse optical transport network architectures have been proposed in ord...

Both the low cost and high capacity has become an increasingly significant aspect of network design. So this tutorial paper demonstrates a long reach hybrid WDM (wavelength division multiplexing)/TDM (time division multiplexing) PON (Passive optical network) system with dual pumped bidirectional Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). This architecture has a total reach of 115Km and EDFA provides ...

Optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) is the other class of multiplexing techniques than time division multiplexing (TDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and space division multiplexing (SDM). OCDM has been proposed in mid ’70s. It has been long since OCDM remains outside the mainstream of research community of optical communications, however, possible scarcity of the wavelength res...

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is used in optical networks to implement data circuits. These circuits allow exchange of information as a measure of wavelength in optical domain. Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning is one of the issues in WDM optical networks. This paper discusses different QoS aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) algorithms. Some unaddressed issues are identi...

Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams, coming from different sources are combined into one signal over a shared medium. In this paper, we present an overview of different multiplexing techniques in bandwidth utilization. We focus on the three well-known multiplexing technique used in bandwidth utilization which are Frequency-Division Multiplex...

The constantly growing needs in terms of speed and bandwidth, especially all services using data has become greedy. Today optical fiber is the medium choice for many advantages over others channels. although taken label transmission channels, we won’t be able to do without its nonlinear character dispersions, which are part major problems during transmission. In this article, presenting use sol...