We consider the problem of continuous quantum measurement of coherent oscillations between two quantum states of an individual two-state system. It is shown that the interplay between the information acquisition and the backaction dephasing of the oscillations by the detector imposes a fundamental limit, equal to four, on the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurement. The limit is universal, e.g...

Repeated unbiased measurements cause a continual application of the weak causality principle, leading to an apparent arrow of time for continuously-monitored quantum systems.

In this paper I investigate whether Korean-speaking children know the basic meaning of reciprocal anaphors like each other. I further examine whether they have knowledge of subtle differences in the interpretations of such anaphors depending on the two types of verbs. Fiengo and Lasnik (1973) pointed out a contrast between reciprocal sentences with active verbs and stative verbs. For example, a...

We prove that if a unital Banach algebra A is the dual of a Banach space A♯, then the set of weak* continuous states is weak* dense in the set of all states on A. Further, weak* continuous states linearly span A♯.

The cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a serious pest of crucifers in China, undergoes summer or winter diapause in the soil as an adult. In the present study, the incidence of diapause were measured in reciprocal crosses between a high-diapause strain (HD strain) and a laboratory-selected nondiapausing strain (ND strain) under different photoperiods and temp...

In this paper we introduce the notion of $varphi$-commutativity for a Banach algebra $A$, where $varphi$ is a continuous homomorphism on $A$ and study the concept of $varphi$-weak amenability for $varphi$-commutative Banach algebras. We give an example to show that the class of $varphi$-weakly amenable Banach algebras is larger than that of weakly amenable commutative Banach algebras. We charac...

It takes longer to accomplish difficult tasks than easy ones. In the context of motor behaviour, Fitts' famous law states that the time needed to successfully execute an aiming movement increases linearly with task difficulty. While Fitts' explicit formulation has met criticism, the relation between task difficulty and movement time is invariantly portrayed as continuous. Here, we demonstrate t...

The ordinal consistency is the usual weak transitivity condition that a logical and consistent person should use if he/she does not want to express inconsistent opinions, and therefore becomes the minimum requirement condition that a consistent reciprocal preference relation should verify. In this paper, we define and study the ordinal consistency of an incomplete reciprocal preference relation...

In 1965, Njastad [2] introduced the notion of α-sets in topological space. In 1983, Mashhour et al. [1] introduced, with the help of α-sets, a weak form of continuity which they termed as α-continuity. Noiri [3] introduced the same concept, but under the name strong semicontinuity. Noiri [4] defined with the aid of α-sets a new weakened form of continuous mapping called weakly α-continuous mapp...

In this paper, we use the concept of weak demicompactness in order to give some properties for uniformly continuous cosine families. Our theoretical results will be illustrated by investigating spectral inclusion a family an upper semi-Fredholm spectrum.