Background: One of the main causes of induction of secondary cancer in radiation therapy is neutron contamination received by patients during treatment.Objective: In the present study the impact of wedge and block on neutron contamination production is investigated. The evaluations are conducted for a 15 MV Siemens Primus linear accelerator. Methods: Simulations were performed using MCNPX Monte...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to analyze biomechanical properties of a novel wedge locking plate in medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) in a porcine tibial model. METHODS A uniform 8-mm OWHTO was performed in 12 porcine tibiae. Six of them were subsequently fixed with the plate without a wedge, whereas the other 6 were additionally reinforced with a metal wedge of 8 mm....

slow sand filters are as a proper technology for pre-treatment of raw water, with a fine and medium trubidity in small communities in developing countries. thus, with a minimum operation cost and minimum need for expest bodies have the maximum efficiency. the purpose of this research is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of two processes of horizontal flow roughing filter and vertical flow ...

Introduction: Background: Radiotherapy of parotid tumors is achieved by different radiotherapy techniques. So they deliver the dose to organs at risk such as contralateral parotid, temporal lobe & spinal cord. The consequences of high dose to OARs are xerostomia, Temporal lobe necrosis and loss of hearing. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare different treatment tech...

[1] The development of topography within and erosional removal of material from an orogen exerts a primary control on its structure. We develop a model that describes the temporal development of a frontally accreting, critically growing Coulomb wedge whose topography is largely limited by bedrock fluvial incision. We present general results for arbitrary initial critical wedge geometries and in...

BACKGROUND Controversy exists over whether or not single-needle liver biopsies are sufficient to compare histological parameters in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. AIMS To identify sampling variability, we biopsied four liver specimens per patient, based on biopsy size (needle vs wedge) and location (left vs right lobe), immediately prior to bariatric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass...

The left ventricular (LV) coronary-perfused canine wedge preparation is a model commonly used for studying cardiac repolarization. In wedge studies, transmembrane potentials typically are recorded; whereas, extracellular electrical recordings are commonly used in intact hearts. We compared electrically measured activation recovery interval (ARI) patterns in the intact heart with those recorded ...

This paper describes certain properties of the fundamental group of the shrinking wedge of circles. Covering space theory is an inadequate tool since the shrinking wedge of circles is not semi-locally simply connected. We conclude with the fact that the shrinking wedge of circles is not homotopy equivalent to the wedge product of a countable number of circles.

introduction evaluation of the delivered dose of externally wedged photon beams by external diode dosimeters during the treatment process requires the estimation of exit surface dose correction factors in various wedge angles and field sizes. materials and methods a system of absorbed dose evaluation, using p-type diode dosimeters placed on the exit surface of a phantom, was characterized for e...

The effect of depth displacement of test bars from the induction wedge of the Ponzo illusion was investigated in two experiments. Either two wedges of opposite orientation were presented simultaneously, one at a near and the other at a far distance, or only one wedge was presented at either the near or the far distance. The test bars were stereoscopically either in the plane of the wedge or dis...