PREMISE OF STUDY Weeds cause considerable environmental and economic damage. However, genomic characterization of weeds has lagged behind that of model plants and crop species. Here we describe the development of genomic tools and resources for 11 weeds from the Compositae family that will serve as a basis for subsequent population and comparative genomic analyses. Because hybridization has bee...

Echinochloa spp. are the most important weeds in rice fields. In this research Fusarium equiseti and Colletotrichum graminicola were isolated from these weeds and then their pathogenicity effects were compared on these weeds and five rice cultivars in a completely random design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Fungi were inoculated on weeds and rice cultivars using a spore susp...

The first cases of herbicide resistance were reported around 1970. Since then resistance of monoand dicotyledonous weeds to herbicides has become an increasing problem world-wide. In March 2006 the International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds recorded 305 herbicide-resistant biotypes with 182 weed species – 109 dicotyledonous and 73 monocotyledonous weeds [1]. The relatively steady increas...

In many crops, weeds are managed by herbicides, mainly due to the decrease in crop yields and farmers’ incomes caused by them. In general, chemical control of weeds is considered to be an easy, relatively cheap, and highly effective method. However, not all weeds can be successfully controlled, either because of their natural tolerance or their herbicide resistance. Glyphosate is one of the mos...

Microbial weed control represents an innovative means to manage troublesome weeds and utilize the naturally occurring biological herbicides produced by soil microorganisms. These compounds kill or hinder the growth of weeds so that beneficial plant species can gain a competitive advantage. The vast diversity of microorganisms in our environment is largely untapped, and the potential discovery a...

The current interest in risks associated with classical biological control led us to review the literature to determine whether the introduction of multiple biological control agents has been more effective than the introduction of a single control agent. We analyzed 59 projects against weeds and 108 projects against insect pests. Establishment of control agents was significantly higher in sing...

Target detection is one of research focuses for precision chemical application. This study developed a method to identify seedling cabbages and weeds using hyperspectral imaging. In processing the image data with ENVI software, after dimension reduction, noise reduction, de-correlation for high-dimensional data, and selection of the region of interest, the SAM (Spectral Angle Mapping) model was...