We present new algorithms for parameter estimation of HMMs. By adapting a framework used for supervised learning, we construct iterative algorithms that maximize the likelihood of the observations while also attempting to stay “close” to the current estimated parameters. We use a bound on the relative entropy between the two HMMs as a distance measure between them. The result is new iterative t...

Power Spectral Density (PSD) shows strength of energy as a function of frequency. PSD computation can be done by the method called FFT. Welch algorithm is used to calculate Power Spectral Density. High computational complexity is the main drawback of Welch method. By using 50% overlap we are reducing the computational complexity of Welch method. Here N/2 point FFT is computed instead of N-point...

Nichel and Welch (9, 10), Broquisl et al. (1), Hill and Scott (6), and Welch et al. (16) found that ascorbic acid, a reducing agent, enhanced the for mation of citrovorum factor (CF) from folie acid (PGA). Nichel and Welch (9, 10), indicated that glucoascorbate augments the enzymic conversion of PGA to CF by liver tissue in vitro, while Welch et al. (16), administering glucoascorbate parenteral...