The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Q/3 replicase are two methods in which nucleic acid polymerases are used for amplification. Although these approaches share many similar problems concerning target contamination and probe specificity, they differ dramatically in their mechanisms of action and modes of application.The PCR method amplifies target sequences between two priming oligonucleotid...

SUMMARY The 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake is the largest event to have struck capital city of Kathmandu in recent times. One its surprising features was frequency content recorded ground motion, exhibiting a notable amplification at low frequencies (<2 Hz) and contrasting depletion higher frequencies. latter has been partially attributed damper behaviour basin. While such weak hig...

Sources of intense, ultrashort electromagnetic pulses enable applications such as attosecond pulse generation, control electron motion in solids, and the observation reaction dynamics at electronic level. For applications, both high intensity carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) tunability are beneficial, yet hard to obtain with current methods. In this Letter, we present a new scheme for generation is...

The generation of ultra-low frequency acoustic noise (0.1 to 1 Hz) by the nonlinear interaction of ocean surface gravity waves is well established. More controversial are the quantitative theories that attempt to predict the recorded noise levels and their variability. Here a single theoretical framework is used to predict the noise level associated with propagating pseudo-Rayleigh modes and ev...

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a suitable method for decomposing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity into spatially independent patterns. Practice has revealed that low-pass filtering prior to ICA may improve ICA results by reducing noise and possibly by increasing source smoothness, which may enhance source independence; however, it eliminates useful information in h...

It is generally believed that the remarkable sensitivity and frequency selectivity of mammalian hearing depend on outer hair cell-generated force, which amplifies sound-induced vibrations inside the cochlea. This 'reverse transduction' force production has never been demonstrated experimentally, however, in the living ear. Here by directly measuring microstructure vibrations inside the cochlear...