The nonperturbative aspects of string theory are explored for noncritical string in two distinct formulations, loop equations and matrix models. The effects corresponding to the D-brane in these formulations are especially investigated in detail. It is shown that matrix models can universally yield a definite value of the chemical potential for an instanton while loop equations cannot. This imp...

The nonperturbative aspects of string theory are explored for noncritical string in two distinct formulations, loop equations and matrix models. The effects corresponding to the D-brane in these formulations are especially investigated in detail. It is shown that matrix models can universally yield a definite value of the chemical potential for an instanton while loop equations cannot. This imp...

This research is entitled Hajj Mulla Jalizadeh and his fatwas (advisory opinion) on the subject of divorce. It deals with biography Asaad Julizadeh, who has written many books in field legislation, jurisprudence various sciences. Many distinguished scholars from different regions have graduated hands. However, writings been forgotten. The importance studying about him lies fact that such studie...

aesthetics, nowadays, is regarded as a branch of philosophy which studies  beauty and art. this research is about aesthetics from mulla sadra's viewpoint. in the works of this philosopher, beauty in general means  possessing all the good properties. the special definition of beauty, which includes only sensible objects, is possessing the factors of order, good combination, moderation, and ...