In this article, the authors develop a definition of positive deviance, a foundational construct in positive organizational scholarship. They offer a normative definition of positive deviance: intentional behaviors that depart from the norms of a referent group in honorable ways. The authors contrast this normative perspective on deviance with statistical, supraconformity, and reactive perspect...

This paper is a literature review submitted as part of the academic requirements of the BSc Honours Degree course I am currently pursuing. The topic I chose to review was whistleblowing in nursing, more specifically why nurses do not whistleblow. Because of cases such as the Leas cross Inquiry and the Rostrevor case coming to the forefront of Irish media in recent times, interest for this liter...

This conceptual paper aims to demonstrate how employees’ behavioural reactions to organisational wrongdoing serve as a coping response designed to reduce the stress associated with witnessing or experiencing wrongdoing. To this end, a model of employees’ coping responses is presented that extends Lazarus and Folkman’s transactional process theory of stress and Affective Events Theory to investi...

In electronic voting or whistle blowing, anonymity is necessary. Shuffling is a network security technique that makes the information sender anonymous. We use the concept of shuffling in internet-based lotteries, mental poker, E-commerce systems, and Mix-Net. However, if the shuffling is unjust, the anonymity, privacy, or fairness may be compromised. In this paper, we propose the method for con...