The present study provides data to decide on the most appropriate method for sampling of ground-dwelling arthropods measured in a moist-deciduous forest in the Western Ghats in South India. The abundance of ground-dwelling arthropods was compared among large numbers of samples obtained using pitfall trapping, Berlese and Winkler extraction methods. Highest abundance and frequency of most of the...

Few studies have evaluated the efficiency of methods for sampling ants, especially in regions with highly variable vegetation physiognomies such as the Cerrado region of central Brazil. Here we compared three methods to collect ground-dwelling ants: pitfall traps, sardine baits, and the Winkler litter extractor. Our aim was to determine which method would be most appropriate to characterize the...

In the present work, analysis of concrete pavements using ANSYS software has been attempted. is a finite element method-based software. The slab modeled with solid 45 brick and spring elements for soil. Analysis was carried out wide range load soil combination. as “Winkler type” represented by elastic springs their stiffness derived from modulus sub-grade reaction. influence any particular base...

R Koehler*, E Grünig*, M W Pauciulo*, M M Hoeper, H Olschewski, H Wilkens, M Halank, J Winkler, R Ewert, H Bremer, S Kreuscher, B Janssen, W C Nichols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...