Phage-mediated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is common in free-living bacteria, and many transferred genes can play a significant role in their new bacterial hosts. However, there are few reports concerning phage-mediated HGT in endosymbionts (obligate intracellular bacteria within animal or plant hosts), such as Wolbachia. The Wolbachia-infecting temperate phage WO can actively shift among Wo...

A W-containing inorganic-organic nanohybrid with a plate-like morphology has been successfully prepared through a nonaqueous synthetic route using WCl(6) as the tungsten source and benzyl alcohol as the solvent. The as-prepared hybrid nanomaterial was used directly as an efficient precursor for the formation of WO(3) nanoplates via a simple thermal treatment process. The as-obtained WO(3) mater...

where WO and k are constants. WO represents the theoretical maximum work and would be attained only if the contraction could take place infinitely slowly. k represents the theoretical minimum time and would be attained only if no external work were done. From experiments on isolated frog's muscle a relation has been found between the theoretical maximum work WO, the energy H liberated in an iso...

Epitaxially grown, 2.4-microm-thin layers of KY(WO(4))(2):Gd(3+), Lu(3+), Yb(3+), which exhibit a high refractive index contrast with respect to the undoped KY(WO(4))(2) substrate, have been microstructured by Ar beam milling, providing 1.4-microm-deep ridge channel waveguides of 2 to 7 microm width, and overgrown by an undoped KY(WO(4))(2) layer. Channel waveguide laser operation was achieved ...

In this study, the effectiveness of photocatalytic oxidation (PO) and wet oxidation (WO) processes as a pre-treatment step on improvement of biodegradability and colour removal of mixture of raw domestic and pre-treated industrial wastewaters, have been evaluated. More oxygen was obtained by H2O2 (as an oxidant in WO and PO processes) than stoichiometric demand. PO of the wastewater was carried...

A highly fluorescent anthraniloyl (Ant) group was covalently attached to the active site of alpha-chymotrypsin (CT), probably at Ser195. Ant-CT is stable at neutral pH for months, allowing a detailed fluorescence study of Ant-CT as a model protein to investigate its physical properties in 0.1 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.2, and in reversed micelles of n-octane, 0.1 M Tris/HCl, pH 8.2, and sodium bis(2-ethy...

Zirconia-supported tungsten oxide (WO(x)/ZrO(2)) is considered an important supported metal oxide model acid catalyst, for which structure-property relationships have been studied for numerous acid-catalyzed reactions. The catalytic activity for xylene isomerization, alcohol dehydration, and aromatic acylation follows a volcano-shape dependence on tungsten surface density. However, WO(x)/ZrO(2)...

The experiments aimed to develop the inactivated Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine in the form of water in oil (WO) and water in oil in water (WOW) using palm oil, which is easily found in tropical countries, and to study the effect of vitamin E in the form of dl-α-tocopheryl acetate for improving the efficacy of inactivated ND vaccine prepared from palm oil. Two hundred and twenty, thirty five da...

Tungsten trioxide is the second most commonly used semiconducting metal oxide in gas sensors. Semiconducting metal oxide (SMOX)-based sensors are small, robust, inexpensive and sensitive, making them highly attractive for handheld portable medical diagnostic detectors. WO₃ is reported to show high sensor responses to several biomarkers found in breath, e.g., acetone, ammonia, carbon monoxide, h...