the markowitz’s optimization problem is considered as a standard quadratic programming problem that has exact mathematical solutions. considering real world limits and conditions, the portfolio optimization problem is a mixed quadratic and integer programming problem for which efficient algorithms do not exist. therefore, the use of meta-heuristic methods such as neural networks and evolutionar...

The purposes of this research were (a) to explore and describe the relationships relative to the evaluation of the work of the organizers, expected legacy, and support for hosting the 2014 World Cup (WC) and the 2016 Olympic Games (OG); and (b) to compare Brazilians’ support for these two events. Social exchange theory (Blau & Scott, 1962) supported three structural models. Results indicated th...

OBJECTIVE To examine how a mass-gathering event (the Federation Internationale de Football Association World Cup, 2010, South Africa) impacts trauma and mortality in the pediatric (≤ 18 years) population. STUDY DESIGN We investigated pediatric emergency visits at Cape Town's 3 largest public trauma centers and 3 private hospital groups, as well as deaths investigated by the 3 city mortuaries....

Increasing nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms are applied to solving the real-world optimization problems, as they have some advantages over the classical methods of numerical optimization. This paper has proposed a new nature-inspired metaheuristic called Whale Swarm Algorithm for function optimization, which is inspired by the whales’ behavior of communicating with each other via ultras...

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during the Rugby World Cup (RWC) 2015 together with the inciting events leading to the injuries. DESIGN A prospective, whole population study. POPULATION 639 international rugby players representing 20 countries. METHOD The study protocol followed the definitions and procedures recommended in the consensus sta...

PURPOSE To develop a fully automated algorithm (AP) to perform a volumetric measure of the optic disc using conventional stereoscopic optic nerve head (ONH) photographs, and to compare algorithm-produced parameters with manual photogrammetry (MP), scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements. METHODS One hundred twenty-two stereoscopic optic disc pho...

OBJECTIVES To study match injury patterns and incidence during the Rugby World Cup 2003 (RWC 2003); to compare these patterns and rates with comparative rugby injury data; and to assess differences between teams playing at different levels (eight finalists v 12 non-finalists). METHODS Data were collected prospectively during the tournament. All injuries were recorded by the 20 participating t...