This paper analyses a political force that can cause an initial expansion of public spending on higher education and an ensuing decline in subsidies per student: the increase in the number, and thus voting power, of skilled parents. The rise of the skilled class leads to a majority for an initial expansion of public education spending. This expansion further boosts the number of skilled parents...

Several million people currently have accounts in massively multi-player online games, places in cyberspace that are effectively large-scale shared virtual reality environments. The population of these virtual worlds has grown rapidly since their inception in 1996; significantly, each world also seems to grow its own economy, with production, assets, and trade with Earth economies. This paper e...

Article history: Received 17 October 2010 Received in revised form 30 November 2011 Accepted 13 April 2012 Available online 21 April 2012 China's central government incrementally introduced various kinds of student financial aid since the late 1990s in response to public concerns about the rising burden of college prices. Despite the marked increase in financial assistance from governmental as ...

A number of citation indices have been proposed for measuring and ranking the research publication records of scholars. Some of the best known indices are designed to reward most highly those records x that strike some balance between impact I and productivity P ; a large number of publications with few citations per paper will not score well, nor will a very small number of heavily cited paper...

The Diffusion of Information Technology and the Increased Propensity of Teams to Transcend Institutional and National Borders This study examines the relationship between the diffusion of IT and changes in collaboration patterns across institutional and national borders. To undertake the research, the authors match an explicit measure of institutional IT adoption (domain names, e.g. www.umsl.ed...

abstract by using cross-section data which gathered through a survey research in mashhad ,contingent valuation approach and tobit model this study tries to determine economical value of air pollution and effective factors on wtp. based on contingent valuation approach, air pollution total value of airpollution in high-polluted region equals 7134146560 rials per month and in middle-polluted regi...

human capital has important role on economic growth. this factor can increase labor and capital productivity. it can increase capacity of new technology and reduce criminal participation and improve voters’ political behavior and migration of people with high human capital to another region has effects on region and spatial spillover on other regions. the present study aimed to analyze the dire...

In recent decades, many universities have been moving in the direction of a more hierarchical and centralised structure, with top-down planning and reduced local autonomy for departments. Yet the management literature over this period has stressed the numerous benefits of flatter organisational structures, decentralisation and local autonomy for sections or departments. What might explain this ...

A decision maker tests whether the gradient of loss function evaluated at a judgmental is zero. If test does not reject, action decision. rejects, sets equal to boundary rejection region. This statistical rule admissible and conditions on sample realization. The confidence level reflects maker’s aversion uncertainty. applied problem asset allocation. JEL Classification: C1, C11, C12, C13, D81

The emergence of collaborative approaches in innovation policy and regional governance has increased expectations for universities to engage strategy making assume broader roles responsibilities. Nonetheless, complexities inherent the process, context universities’ own institutional organisational capacity are often ignored or under-explained when framing roles. Although these frequently introd...