following the september 11th events when the united states managed to forge an international coalition against terror within the framework of operation enduring freedom, attacking afghanistan, the general perception was that the united states would be able soon to destroy the taliban in afghanistan and remove the shades of war and insecurity from afghanistan. however what occurred was the colla...

We investigate experimentally how explicit performance incentives in incomplete employment contracts interact with agents’ voluntary cooperation in one-shot and repeated gift-exchange experiments. If contracts are incentive compatible, agents choose their bestreply effort and there is no voluntary cooperation. By contrast, there is substantial voluntary cooperation if the contract is not incent...

I review the information loss paradox that was first formulated by Hawking, and discuss possible ways of resolving it. All proposed solutions have serious drawbacks. I conclude that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution in fundamental physics. Introduction. Over 15 years ago, Stephen Hawking proposed that the usual rules of quantum mechanics do not apply to a process in whi...

We analyze several hundred firms that expand via acquisition and0or increase their number of business segments. The combined market reaction to acquisition announcements is positive but acquiring firm excess values decline after the diversifying event. Much of the excess value reduction occurs because our sample firms acquire already discounted business units, and not because diversifying destr...

A newly discovered family of proteins homologous to yeast Cdc53, called cullins, may play a key role in the targeting of cell-cycle regulators, such as cyclins, for destruction by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis.

This paper shows that conduct described as unethical and blamed on “greed” is sometimes a consequence of market competition. I illustrate this observation using examples of five censured activities: employment of children, corruption, excessive executive pay, corporate earnings manipulation, and involvement of universities in commercial activities. In all these examples, I show how competitive ...

While online, some people self-disclose or act out more frequently or intensely than they would in person. This article explores six factors that interact with each other in creating this online disinhibition effect: dissociative anonymity, invisibility, asynchronicity, solipsistic introjection, dissociative imagination, and minimization of authority. Personality variables also will influence t...

For quantum particles, it is well known that static disorder would lead to Anderson localization (AL) while dynamic (evolving) disorder would destroy AL and facilitate the transport. In this article, we study the transport behavior of a quantum particle in weak dynamic disorder. Based on Wigner representation, we obtain the radiative transfer equation (a linear Boltzmann equation) in the weak d...