An increasing number of injectable filler materials for facial wrinkles and folds points to the need for objective measurements of their effectiveness. Patient satisfaction is the goal, but proof of the value of a particular product requires objective measurement. A wrinkle assessment scale was developed as a simple tool for use by plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and aesthetic surgeons who wa...

Acute ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation causes skin wrinkle formation associated with hyperplasia of cutaneous blood vessels. This study reports that increased dermal oxygen tension attenuates acute UVB-induced angiogenesis and wrinkle formation. Twenty-four hairless mice (HOS:HR-1) were assigned to 3 groups: 1) control group, 2) UVB-irradiated (UVB) group, and 3) UVB-irradiated and hyperoxia-expo...

A stressed thin film on a soft substrate can develop complex wrinkle patterns. The onset of wrinkling and initial growth is well described by a linear perturbation analysis, and the equilibrium wrinkles can be analyzed using an energy approach. In between, the wrinkle pattern undergoes a coarsening process with a peculiar dynamics. By using a proper scaling and two-dimensional numerical simulat...

This paper presents an energy-based approach that models the distinct wrinkle shapes to represent the different material properties of non-rigid objects at an interactive speed. Our approach is a curve driven technique, where the surface wrinkles are generated by deforming the given mesh surface according to the shape change of a governing curve on the surface. An energy function is defined on ...

On length scales from nanometres to metres, partial adhesion of thin films with substrates generates a fascinating variety of patterns, such as 'telephone cord' buckles, wrinkles, and labyrinth domains. Although these patterns are part of everyday experience and are important in industry, they are not completely understood. Here, we report simulation studies of a previously-overlooked phenomeno...

This paper presents a method to add fine details, such as wrinkles and bulges, on a virtual face animated by common skinning techniques. Our system is based on a small set of reference poses (combinations of skeleton poses and wrinkle maps). At runtime, the current pose is compared with the reference skeleton poses, wrinkle maps are blended and applied where similarities exist. The poses evalua...

Our aging skin undergoes changes with reductions in collagenous and elastic fibers, fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages with free radical production, which can result in reduced skin tone and wrinkle formation. Fibroblasts are important for dermal integrity and function with a decrease in function producing less skin tone, thinning, and wrinkle formation. Dermal levels of adenosine triphos...

A compressively strained film on a substrate can wrinkle into intricate patterns. This Rapid Communication studies the evolution of the wrinkle patterns. The film is modeled as an elastic nonlinear plate and the substrate a viscoelastic foundation. A spectral method is developed to evolve the nonlinear system. When the initial film strains are isotropic, the wrinkles evolve into a pattern with ...

This paper develops a model for evolving wrinkles in a bilayer thin film consisting of an elastic layer and a viscoelastic layer. The elastic layer is subjected to a compressive residual stress and is modeled by the nonlinear von Karman plate theory. A thin-layer approximation is developed for the viscoelastic layer. The stability of the bilayer and the evolution of wrinkles are studied first b...

The wrinkle layer is a dorsal shell structure occurring in a number of ammonoids, but its function is still debated. Here, we describe, from Moroccan material of the Early Carboniferous species Maxigoniatites saourensis (Pareyn, 1961), the most conspicuous wrinkle layer known within the Ammonoidea. This additional shell layer occurs in the ventrolateral portion of the adult body chamber and for...