This paper argues that glossing is an essential stage in the borrowing of writing systems. I use the term “glossing” in a somewhat extended sense to refer to a process where a text in one language is prepared (annotated, marked) to be read in another. I argue that this process of “vernacular reading” – reading a text written in the script, orthography, lexicon and grammar of a more prestigious ...

BACKGROUND There is currently no standard tool for the measurement of asthma in epidemiological studies. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of asthma, to describe the potential local risk factors, and to assess the agreement between written and video questionnaires in 13- to 14-year-old schoolchildren. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study involving 5427 adol...

Risk management is one of the key practices of the Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model. The effective management of risk is crucial to the success of software projects. Much has recently been written concerning risk management in an industrial environment. One of the most useful documents is a risk management questionnaire developed by the Software Engineering Institute. Th...

Methods Cross-sectional study using a standardized written questionnaire: How frequently do you use the social media? Do you use any social media to obtain asthma information? Would you like to receive asthma risk factors attacks and medication use orientation by social media? Have you interest to ask a doctor about asthma information using social media? The instrument was applied in Brazil (Cu...

Abstract The study aimed at investigating the efficacy of written corrective feedback (CF) in improving Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy. It compared the effects of focused and unfocused written CF on the learners’ grammatical accuracy. 75 EFL students formed a one control and two experimental groups. The focused feedback group was provided with error correction in tenses. The unfocus...

OBJECTIVE To investigate organised teaching in accident and emergency (A&E) departments in England and Wales. METHODS A survey was carried out by postal questionnaire. Directed to senior house officers (SHOs), the questionnaire examined the nature and extent of departmental teaching, and measured the availability, suitability, and actual use made of guidelines. Of 231 questionnaires sent, 164...

This paper explores the cognitive presence of the learners in MOOCs through using a (computational) linguistic analysis of the learners’ Point-of-View as an indicator for cognitive presence. The linguistic analysis of the written language as a medium of interaction by the students in the context of MOOCs shows hallmarks of cognitive disengagement and low cognitive presence

In this study the print awareness of 25 unschooled adult illiterates in the Netherlands was compared with that of 24 pre-reading children and of 23 low-educated literate adults with approximately four years of primary schooling. The illiterates were interviewed about their experiences with writing and all participants completed six assessments of print awareness in the language they preferred (...

In a recent paper Logan and Schumann (in press) introduced the notion of neo-dualism in which phenomena are described in terms of two domains: the physiosphere and the symbolosphere. The physiosphere is simply the material world consisting of both living and non-living matter. The symbolosphere, originally introduced by Schumann (2003a & b), consists of the human mind and all its abstract thoug...