Herb Induced Liver Injury (HILI) is a condition in which there aggression to the liver tissue after exposure substances present many different medications, dietary supplements, herbs and xenobiotics.

Extrapolation of pharmacokinetic data between species has been simplified by the advent of more sensitive methods of analysis of chemicals in body tissues and by the capability of inexpensive computers to perform complex calculations. These new methods enable investigators to observe the rates at which target tissues reach equilibrium in different species and to develop mathematical models of t...

A primary concern with composting is the lack of knowledge about the fate of widely used pesticides. Also, there is increasing interest in the use of composting as a bioremediation method for soils contaminated with xenobiotics such as TNT, PCBs, chlorophenols and PAHs. We used a laboratory scale composting system to determine the extent of mineralization, incorporation into humic matter, and v...

Transporter-mediated absorption, secretion, and reabsorption of chemicals are increasingly recognized as important determinants in the biological activities of many xenobiotics. In recent years, the rapid progress in generating and characterizing mice with targeted deletion of transporters has greatly increased our knowledge of the functions of transporters in the pharmacokinetics/toxicokinetic...

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a master in regulating the metabolism and transport of structurally diverse endogenous compounds. Activation PXR by xenobiotics potentially induces adverse effects and...

The use of organophosphates (pesticides and other compounds to eradicate pests), currently, increase the fulfillment population's consumption needs has a double-edged sword effect, on one hand it can need for food be consumed by population. negative effect that arise is safety organophosphate drugs which contaminate soil water sources around place where are used. effects associated with xenobio...