129 Ž . A hyperpolarized Xe Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NMR technique for measuring diffusion of xenon in solution is presented. The dramatically enhanced NMR signal of hyperpolarized Xe makes it possible to measure the xenon self-diffusion coefficient with a single-shot NMR experiment. Diffusion constants of xenon in various solvents are reported. Ž . y5 2 y1 A value of 2.2"0.4 =10 cm s was mea...

We demonstrate nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging of the flow and diffusion of laser-polarized xenon (129Xe) gas undergoing convection above evaporating laser-polarized liquid xenon. The large xenon NMR signal provided by the laser-polarization technique allows more rapid imaging than one can achieve with thermally polarized gas-liquid systems, permitting shorter time-scale events such as...

Hyperpolarized xenon associated with ligand derivatized cryptophane-A cages has been developed as a NMR based biosensor. To optimize the detection sensitivity we describe use of xenon exchange between the caged and bulk dissolved xenon as an effective signal amplifier. This approach, somewhat analogous to 'remote detection' described recently, uses the chemical exchange to repeatedly transfer s...

Xenon is a medical gas capable of establishing neuroprotection, inducing anesthesia as well as serving in modern laser technology and nuclear medicine as a contrast agent. In spite of its high cost, its lack of side effects, safe cardiovascular and organoprotective profile and effective neuroprotective role after hypoxic-ischemic injury (HI) favor its applications in clinics. Xenon performs its...

The enhanced spin polarization produced by optical pumping of gaseous rubidium/xenon samples has made possible a number of recent experiments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Here we report MRI of laser-polarized xenon in the solid phase at low temperature. Due to the high xenon density in the solid phase and the enhanced spin polarization, ...

We investigate the role of carrier gases in the production of metastable argon atoms in a rf-driven discharge. The effects of different carrier gases (krypton, xenon, neon, and helium), carrier gas pressures, and rf discharge powers are examined. A xenon carrier gas provides the greatest metastable population of argon, yielding an optimal fractional metastable population of argon (Ar(*)/Ar) of ...

Introduction: Hyperpolarized xenon-129 (HXe-129) spectroscopy has revealed at least two dissolved-phase compartments in the lung: xenon bound to hemoglobin at 200-225 ppm (depending on the species and oxygenation level) and xenon dissolved in lung tissue and blood plasma at approximately 197 ppm [1,2]. In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining gas-phase depolarization maps in hum...

Developing a better understanding of xenon transport through porous systems is critical to predicting how this gas will enter the atmosphere after a below ground nuclear weapons test. Radioxenon monitoring is a vital part of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) International Monitoring System. This work details the development of prompt gamma activation analysis for measuring the di...

BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which general anesthetics, including xenon and nitrous oxide, act are only beginning to be discovered. However, structural approaches revealed weak but specific protein-gas interactions. METHODS To improve knowledge, we performed x-ray crystallography studies under xenon and nitrous oxide pressure in a series of 10 binding sites within four proteins. RESULTS Wha...

The anesthetic properties of xenon have been known for more than 50 yr, and the safety and efficacy of xenon inhalational anesthesia has been demonstrated in several recent clinical studies. In addition, xenon demonstrates many favorable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, which could be used in certain niche clinical settings such as cardiopulmonary bypass. This inert gas is capabl...